Suchergebnisse

The article presents an overview of epistolary heritage and other documents of French thinker, diplomat, and writer Joseph de Maistre, that are stored in the Archive of Savoy (Chambery, France). The Savoy Archive is a major research center which contains in its personal provenance fonds correspondence, essays, notes, and dispatches of J. de Maistre. Chambery was the Savoy thinker's hometown, a place where his personality and views were formed and where his complex life path began. The authors analyze the main problems that worried J. de Maistre and were reflected in his works and letters which may be found in the archive of Chambery. While working with archival documents, the authors used source studies methods: firstly, such general scientific methods as retrospective and analytical approach; secondly, comparative analysis; thirdly, source studies methods, such as critical and heuristic approach. These methods have allowed to analyze the epistolary legacy of J. de Maistre, to identify the yet unpublished sources and to interpret them. All these documents help to reveal the circle of his Russian correspondents. The research allows to interpret the views of the French philosopher, one of the founders of political conservatism. The authors emphasize that it was in Russia that he created his main works that influenced the emerging Russian conservative socio-political thought. The study of archival fonds helps to determine his social circle while serving in Russia (1803-1817) as a Sardinian envoy. The analysis of these documents assesses his influence on the Russian political elite and Emperor Alexander I himself. These documents have great value for a number of reasons. Firstly, they allow to trace the evolution of Joseph de Maistre's views, his career, social and political activities; secondly, they reflect the Russo-French relations in one of most crucial periods of the European history, that of the Napoleonic wars. The authors point out that formation and evolution of Napoleon Bonaparte's image in Russia was closely connected with the name of Joseph de Maistre. Thus, it is important to study the heritage of the French emigrants, the French at the Russian Emperor's service or on a diplomatic mission in St. Petersburg. Studying de Maistre's views allows not only to monitor his ideological attitudes and their evolution, but also to identify the mechanisms of their adoption in Russia. The accumulated scientific material allows the authors to come to certain conclusions, which are valuable for studying not just J. de Maistre's views and influence, but also Russo-French relations in the Napoleonic era. Thus, the analysis of archival materials of the J. de Maistre's fond significantly expands our understanding of international relations in early 19 th century, interaction of two cultures, history of the Russian socio-political thought. ; В статье представлен обзор эпистолярного наследия и других документов французского мыслителя, дипломата и литератора Жозефа де Местра, хранящихся в архиве Савойи г. Шамбери (Франция). Савойский архив -один из основных научно-исследовательских центров, где в частном фонде собрана переписка, публицистика, записки, депеши де Местра. Шамбери - родной город савойского мыслителя, место становления его личности и взглядов, начало сложного жизненного пути. Авторами анализируются основные проблемы, волновавшие де Местра и нашедшие отражение в его произведениях и письмах, обнаруженных в архиве г. Шамбери, выявляется круг его русских корреспондентов. Проведенные изыскания позволяют интерпретировать воззрения французского философа, ставшего одним из основоположников политического консерватизма. Более того, исследование архивных фондов помогает определить основной круг общения де Местра в период его службы в России (1803-1817) в качестве сардинского посланника, установить степень влияния его идей на российскую политическую элиту и даже на императора Александра I. При этом подчеркивается, что именно в России он создал основные свои труды, которые воздействовали на формирование русской консервативной общественно-политической мысли. Накопленный научный материал позволил авторам прийти к выводам, ценным при исследовании не только воззрений Ж. де Местра, их влияния на общественное сознание страны, но и российско-французских связей в наполеоновскую эпоху. Таким образом, анализ архивных материалов фонда Ж. де Местра существенно расширяет наши представления о международных отношениях начала XIX в., взаимодействии двух культур, истории российской общественнополитической мысли.

The article presents the analysis of the literature of travel of French authors of the XIXth century. Authers put the aim to create the general investigation dedicated to this therm, bringing in the quality of the source base as a quite famous works of the French travelers and writers, and little-known to a wide circle of readers. XIX century is a time of expanding cultural, humanitarian, diplomatic contacts between Russia and France, which resulted in an increase in the number of foreigners who traveled to Russia, and, consequently, of the works explaining all the features of the trip, impressions, fears, etc. During this period, the Europeans started to visit not only Moscow and Saint Petersburg, but also Siberia, the Far East, the geography of travelling considerably expanded, and new works of foreigners about Russia appeared. Still, as in the previous epoch, the French authors writed about traditions and mores, the state and social structure, religious peculiarities, the culture of Russia. In general, the travel literature on Russia is significantly enriched, indicating the increasing interest of the Russian state. It is not only about informative motives, but also need to learn the realities of the Russian state, the mood in society, the level of military capabilities etc. Notes of a travelling foreigners were thus provided very valuable information about the state of affairs in Russia, it was important for European readers and, of course, diplomats, military and the rulers of other states. Of course, the French authors reproduced pictures seen in Russia through the prism of their own experience, political affiliation, certain stereotypes and myths about the Russian state and people, developed in a previous era. However, despite a certain subjectivity in the estimates and judgments, the works of French authors are a very valuable source in the framework of imagological research, studying the image of «their» and «alien» in the view of Europeans of the XIX century. © Copyright 2017 by Sochi State University.

The article analyses the perception of the mid-to-late nineteenthcentury Russian liberals of the West European states and their foreign policy of the time towards Russia. The article discloses the main features and differences in assessing the West and Russia as its part. It allows to reveal such features in Russian liberalism as common provisions and values typical of world liberal theory and a number of special features which resulted in developing different schools of liberal movement in Russia. The article underlines that the range of liberal ideas varied from selective borrowing of some elements of the western political system to their complete adaptation in Russia. The article focuses on the opinion of a number of national-oriented Russian liberals of the time who put forward a priority task to modernize the country, to implement liberal reforms, but not to strengthen its foreign policy power which, according to them, prevents improving well-being of the people and social stabilization. The study allows to define a main vector of the ideological pursuit of the Russian liberals, the part of whom tried to enroot the liberal ideas in the backward peasant country. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

The article deals with the conditions for a comprehensive examination for the right of employment for foreign citizens with visual impairments and musculoskeletal system disorders. The psychophysical characteristics of persons with disabilities are described; the technique required for the successful execution of test tasks in the Russian language, Russian history and the basics of Russian legislation has been proposed.