Suchergebnisse

International audience ; This chapter examines the transformation of urban policies in Italy since the end of the Second World War. By urban policies, it refers to the construction of the city as a political actor and to the identification of the city as a particular object for policies. It shows that a long-term trend seeking to strengthen both urban political authorities and the relevance of the urban question as a specific policy problem has been punctuated by turnarounds and failures. Urban policies have experienced, and still experience, problems of coordination, effectiveness, resources and legitimacy. Italian cities often change without and beyond public policies. This unsolved urban question in Italy has to be understood considering the ongoing confrontation between the functioning of a state with a centralizing original structure but limited effectiveness and pressures to invent responses to both democratic challenges and urban problems.

National audience ; À travers l'étude des sites militaires à Paris, Rome, Metz et Udine, cet article analyse les modes de transformation des biens immobiliers de propriété publique dans les villes françaises et italiennes depuis les années 1990, ainsi que les relations entre les gouvernements urbains et les États autour de ces biens. La transformation des terrains militaires est expliquée ici par l'articulation, propre à chaque ville, entre les réformes des armées, les nouvelles politiques immobilières nationales et les politiques d'aménagement urbain. L'article montre que, dans les deux pays, les stratégies des administrations centrales propriétaires sont de plus en plus marquées par des logiques financières et de rationalisation de dépenses qui posent de nouvelles contraintes aux gouvernements urbains, en termes de contenu des projets de reconversion et de ressources disponibles. Néanmoins, face à cela, les villes italiennes ont une moindre capacité, par rapport aux villes françaises, à négocier avec l'État et à maîtriser les mutations de ces espaces de propriété publique.

International audience ; En mettant en lumière les acteurs et les instruments des politiques pour les villes italiennes et leurs périphéries, cet article apporte un éclairage sur les modes de gouvernance en France. Mettre les périphéries et les politiques françaises au miroir de celles italiennes a ici une double signification. D'une part, il s'agit de raconter les changements des villes d'outre-alpes, les politiques qui y sont mises en oeuvre et les récits que les acteurs politiques et académiques développent sur le cas italien en comparaison avec la France et l'Europe. D'autre part, il s'agit d'offrir au lecteur français un détour par autre système urbain et national pour apporter une nouvelle perspective.

International audience ; Le aree militari nelle città italiane sono ormai da alcuni anni al centro di politiche contrastanti. Quattro ordini di tensioni permettono di rendere conto delle negoziazioni, dei disaccordi e dei frequenti fallimenti nel riuso di tali patrimoni pubblici: sull'oggetto di intervento, come attivi di bilancio o beni territoriali; sulle procedure, tra riforma costante e politica dello status quo; sugli obiettivi per le città, tra massimizzazione e redistribuzione della rendita fondiaria; e infine sulle risorse da mobilizzare per il riuso, legate all'aspettativa e all'assenza di un mercato per tali beni. Lo studio delle aree militari, riunendo analisi delle riforme dello Stato e economia politica delle città, permette di riflettere sui nodi della trasformazione della città pubblica in un'epoca di riforme di austerity, contrazione del pubblico e crisi economica

National audience ; À travers l'étude des sites militaires à Paris, Rome, Metz et Udine, cet article analyse les modes de transformation des biens immobiliers de propriété publique dans les villes françaises et italiennes depuis les années 1990, ainsi que les relations entre les gouvernements urbains et les États autour de ces biens. La transformation des terrains militaires est expliquée ici par l'articulation, propre à chaque ville, entre les réformes des armées, les nouvelles politiques immobilières nationales et les politiques d'aménagement urbain. L'article montre que, dans les deux pays, les stratégies des administrations centrales propriétaires sont de plus en plus marquées par des logiques financières et de rationalisation de dépenses qui posent de nouvelles contraintes aux gouvernements urbains, en termes de contenu des projets de reconversion et de ressources disponibles. Néanmoins, face à cela, les villes italiennes ont une moindre capacité, par rapport aux villes françaises, à négocier avec l'État et à maîtriser les mutations de ces espaces de propriété publique.

International audience ; This chapter examines the transformation of urban policies in Italy since the end of the Second World War. By urban policies, it refers to the construction of the city as a political actor and to the identification of the city as a particular object for policies. It shows that a long-term trend seeking to strengthen both urban political authorities and the relevance of the urban question as a specific policy problem has been punctuated by turnarounds and failures. Urban policies have experienced, and still experience, problems of coordination, effectiveness, resources and legitimacy. Italian cities often change without and beyond public policies. This unsolved urban question in Italy has to be understood considering the ongoing confrontation between the functioning of a state with a centralizing original structure but limited effectiveness and pressures to invent responses to both democratic challenges and urban problems.

International audience ; Le aree militari nelle città italiane sono ormai da alcuni anni al centro di politiche contrastanti. Quattro ordini di tensioni permettono di rendere conto delle negoziazioni, dei disaccordi e dei frequenti fallimenti nel riuso di tali patrimoni pubblici: sull'oggetto di intervento, come attivi di bilancio o beni territoriali; sulle procedure, tra riforma costante e politica dello status quo; sugli obiettivi per le città, tra massimizzazione e redistribuzione della rendita fondiaria; e infine sulle risorse da mobilizzare per il riuso, legate all'aspettativa e all'assenza di un mercato per tali beni. Lo studio delle aree militari, riunendo analisi delle riforme dello Stato e economia politica delle città, permette di riflettere sui nodi della trasformazione della città pubblica in un'epoca di riforme di austerity, contrazione del pubblico e crisi economica

International audience ; En mettant en lumière les acteurs et les instruments des politiques pour les villes italiennes et leurs périphéries, cet article apporte un éclairage sur les modes de gouvernance en France. Mettre les périphéries et les politiques françaises au miroir de celles italiennes a ici une double signification. D'une part, il s'agit de raconter les changements des villes d'outre-alpes, les politiques qui y sont mises en oeuvre et les récits que les acteurs politiques et académiques développent sur le cas italien en comparaison avec la France et l'Europe. D'autre part, il s'agit d'offrir au lecteur français un détour par autre système urbain et national pour apporter une nouvelle perspective.

Issues regarding public policies and territorial differentiation have risen as a result of three contemporary phenomena: sectorial structural adjustments and their corresponding territorial impacts; the rescaling of political authority; and the emergence of a variety of local governance models. This dissertation analyses the evolution of six cities, historically modelled by national defence policy, in light of recent defence policy reforms and the rise in local government competencies. The scope of the analysis covers six cities, three in France and three in Italy. The dissertation demonstrates the need to analyse locally-specific forms of national and local public intervention; and their reciprocal interactions; in order to understand urban and social evolutions. It develops a framework inspired by historical sociology of the State that conceptualizes the links between public policy and territorial structuring and integration. On one hand, territorial retrenchment of national defence policy varies accross cities, as a result of negotiations between central defence and financial administrations, and increasing local government lobbying of the central State. On the other hand, it illustrates the varying degrees to which local governments are capable of organising and managing public intervention; and can transform spaces which are historically structured by the State. This capacity hinges upon the nature of urban political agendas; the existing means of institutionalised collective action; as well as upon the ways in which the State operates in cities. The dissertation helps redefine central/local relations in the context of decentralization and budgetary constraints. ; Les restructurations sectorielles et leurs différents effets localisés, le réétalonnage des échelles de l'autorité politique, les modes de gouvernement propres à chaque ville soulèvent une question sur les recompositions de l'action publique et la différenciation territoriale. Cette recherche prend pour objet le changement des villes ...

Issues regarding local policies and territorial differentiation have risen as a result of three contemporary phenomena: sectorial structural adjustments and their corresponding territorial impacts; the rescaling of political authority; and the emergence of a variety of local governance models. This dissertation analyses the evolution of six cities, historically modelled by national defence policy, in light of recent defence policy reforms and the rise in local government competencies. The scope of the analysis covers six cities, three in France and three in Italy. The dissertation demonstrates the need to analyse locally-specific forms of national and local public intervention; and their reciprocal interactions; in order to understand urban and social evolutions. It develops a framework inspired by historical sociology of the State that conceptualizes the links between public policy and territorial structuring and integration. On one hand, territorial retrenchment of national defence policy varies across cities, as a result of negotiations between central defence and financial administrations, and increasing local government lobbying of the central State. On the other hand, it illustrates the varying degrees to which local governments are capable of organising and managing public intervention; and can transform spaces that are historically structured by the State. This capacity hinges upon the nature of urban political agendas; the existing means of institutionalised collective action; as well as upon the ways in which the State operates in cities. The dissertation helps redefine central/local relations in the context of decentralization and budgetary constraints. ; Les restructurations sectorielles et leurs différents effets localisés, le réétalonnage des échelles de l'autorité politique, les modes de gouvernement propres à chaque ville soulèvent une question sur les recompositions de l'action publique et la différenciation territoriale. Cette recherche prend pour objet le changement des villes historiquement ...

Issues regarding local policies and territorial differentiation have risen as a result of three contemporary phenomena: sectorial structural adjustments and their corresponding territorial impacts; the rescaling of political authority; and the emergence of a variety of local governance models. This dissertation analyses the evolution of six cities, historically modelled by national defence policy, in light of recent defence policy reforms and the rise in local government competencies. The scope of the analysis covers six cities, three in France and three in Italy. The dissertation demonstrates the need to analyse locally-specific forms of national and local public intervention; and their reciprocal interactions; in order to understand urban and social evolutions. It develops a framework inspired by historical sociology of the State that conceptualizes the links between public policy and territorial structuring and integration. On one hand, territorial retrenchment of national defence policy varies across cities, as a result of negotiations between central defence and financial administrations, and increasing local government lobbying of the central State. On the other hand, it illustrates the varying degrees to which local governments are capable of organising and managing public intervention; and can transform spaces that are historically structured by the State. This capacity hinges upon the nature of urban political agendas; the existing means of institutionalised collective action; as well as upon the ways in which the State operates in cities. The dissertation helps redefine central/local relations in the context of decentralization and budgetary constraints. ; Les restructurations sectorielles et leurs différents effets localisés, le réétalonnage des échelles de l'autorité politique, les modes de gouvernement propres à chaque ville soulèvent une question sur les recompositions de l'action publique et la différenciation territoriale. Cette recherche prend pour objet le changement des villes historiquement organisées par la politique de défense (trois villes en France et trois villes en Italie) sous l'effet des réformes des armées et de l'augmentation des compétences urbaines. Elle développe un cadre analytique issu de la sociologie historique de l'État qui systématise les liens entre les politiques publiques et la structuration et l'intégration territoriales. Le changement des espaces et sociétés urbains exige pour être compris l'étude des modes d'intervention de l'État et des modes d'intervention des exécutifs urbains dans leur articulation réciproque et propre à chaque ville. D'une part, les négociations au sein de l'État entre administrations financières et militaires, ainsi que les mobilisations au centre national par les élus locaux différencient les modes de retrait des armées d'une ville à l'autre. D'autre part, les exécutifs urbains ont une capacité inégale à organiser l'action collective et à transformer les espaces historiquement structurés par l'État. Elle est liée aux agendas politiques urbains et aux modes d'action collective institutionnalisés dans le temps, ainsi qu'aux interventions de l'État qui sont elles-mêmes différenciées entre les deux pays et à l'intérieur de ceux-ci. Ceci amène à revenir sur les transformations des relations central/local entre décentralisation et politiques de la contrainte budgétaire.

Issues regarding public policies and territorial differentiation have risen as a result of three contemporary phenomena: sectorial structural adjustments and their corresponding territorial impacts; the rescaling of political authority; and the emergence of a variety of local governance models. This dissertation analyses the evolution of six cities, historically modelled by national defence policy, in light of recent defence policy reforms and the rise in local government competencies. The scope of the analysis covers six cities, three in France and three in Italy. The dissertation demonstrates the need to analyse locally-specific forms of national and local public intervention; and their reciprocal interactions; in order to understand urban and social evolutions. It develops a framework inspired by historical sociology of the State that conceptualizes the links between public policy and territorial structuring and integration. On one hand, territorial retrenchment of national defence policy varies accross cities, as a result of negotiations between central defence and financial administrations, and increasing local government lobbying of the central State. On the other hand, it illustrates the varying degrees to which local governments are capable of organising and managing public intervention; and can transform spaces which are historically structured by the State. This capacity hinges upon the nature of urban political agendas; the existing means of institutionalised collective action; as well as upon the ways in which the State operates in cities. The dissertation helps redefine central/local relations in the context of decentralization and budgetary constraints. ; Les restructurations sectorielles et leurs différents effets localisés, le réétalonnage des échelles de l'autorité politique, les modes de gouvernement propres à chaque ville soulèvent une question sur les recompositions de l'action publique et la différenciation territoriale. Cette recherche prend pour objet le changement des villes ...