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Most research on heterosexual interaction among men focuses on ideologies, discourses, and practices that correspond to conventional renditions of hegemonic masculinity. Specifically, previous research suggests heterosexual men in homosocial interaction tend to suppress non-hegemonic meanings in constructing a sense of masculinity. Less attention has been given, however, to the ways in which men in homosocial settings conceptualize and negotiate with masculine ideals so as to produce a "hybrid" form of hegemonic masculinity that appropriates non-hegemonic practices. This study examines the production of hybrid hegemonic masculinity through participant observation of men in the social setting of a college bar. Results show that although men did align themselves with conventional hegemonic masculinity, they also incorporated gender practices associated with non-hegemonic masculinities. Interestingly, men often engaged in emotive sharing and preferred cooperation to competition as strategies in small group interaction for reproducing domination over women and subordinate masculinities. The argument is made that hybrid hegemonic masculinity may signal a shift in the landscape of hegemonic masculine power that increasingly appropriates alternative masculinities as a way to protect and reproduce gendered power and privilege.

Intro -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- What Is an Institution? -- Institutionalization and Dualism -- Institutions and Community-Based Work -- Organization of Book -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: A Community-Based Organization -- Introduction -- Realism Is Problematic -- Realism Is Not Needed -- A Few Practical Concerns -- A Move Away from Philosophy -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Establishing Community-Based Primary Health Care -- Introduction -- Primary Health Care as Community-Focused Projects -- Participation, Dialogue, and Local Knowledge -- Community-Based Primary Health Care -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Community-Based Funding and Budgeting: Participatory Budgeting as a Transformative Act -- Why Community-Based Budgeting? -- A Community-Based Philosophy -- What Is a Community? -- Participatory Budgeting (PB): Beyond Traditional Budgeting -- Participatory Budgeting Must Do More than Simply Reform -- Cultural Challenges of Participatory Budgeting -- The Philosophical Thrust of Participatory Budgeting -- Communal Budgetary Discourse: A New Moral Framework -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Aims of a Community-Based Research Program -- Introduction -- Against Positivism and Realism: Roots of Community-Based Participatory Research in Health -- Qualitative Approaches and the Rejection of Grand Designs -- The New Language of Qualitative Research: Cultural Competence -- Beyond Cultural Sensitivity and Toward Praxis -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Training Community-Based Health Workers -- Introduction -- Traditional Community-Based Pedagogy -- The Need for Community-Based Philosophy -- Engaging a Community -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Creating a Community Health Worker Training Program -- CHW Importance in the Region -- The Appalachian Region.

Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- The Relevance of Community-Based Health Care -- The Legacy of Biomedicine -- Beyond Biomedicine: The Rise of a Community-Centered Model and Holistic Care -- Reaffirming Community-Based Imagery -- From Social Ecology to the Symbolism of Community -- Community-Based Planning as a "People's Science" -- Organization of the Book -- References -- Chapter 2: Narrative Medicine in the Context of Community-Based Practice -- Introduction -- The Problem with Dualism -- A New Style of Practice -- World Entry -- Dialogue and Reflection -- Medicine in the World -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Qualitative and Participatory Action Research -- Introduction -- Assumptions of Traditional Social Research -- Dilemmas and Dangers of Traditional Social Research -- An Alternative: Social Research Undertaken from Below -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Health Committees as a Community-Based Strategy -- Introduction -- Becoming Community Based: Local Knowledge, Dialogue, Full Participation, and Autonomy -- Research Questions and Methods -- Findings -- Committee Membership -- Governance Structure -- Meeting Frequency -- Affiliation -- Diversity of Projects -- Discussion -- Governance Structure -- Agenda Setting/Minute Recording/Advertising -- Membership -- Frequency of Meetings -- Affiliation -- Projects -- What's in a Name? -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Dialogue, World Entry, and Community-­Based Intervention -- Introduction -- Dualism, the Rise of Objectivity, and the Scientific Method -- The Total Market, Commodification of Health, and the Absence of Dialogue -- Dialogue and World Entry? -- Conclusion: Community-Based Intervention -- References -- Chapter 6: Politics of Knowledge in Community-Based Work -- Introduction -- Recognizing the Credibility of a Community

Introduction / Steven L. Arxer and John W. Murphy -- The 'total market, ' globalization, and discourses of aging / Vicente Berdayes -- Globalization, neoliberal development, and ontological tyranny / Luigi Esposito -- Globalization, the labor market, and retirement / William Van Lear -- Globalization, aging, and the power of the image / Tom Semm and Kyra Greene -- Globalization, time, and aging / Steven L. Arxer -- Cultural or latent background of aging / John W. Murphy -- Successful/productive aging, responsibility, and reflection / Linda Liska Belgrave and Bisma Ali Sayed -- Globalization, the body, and the corporate model / Jung Min Choi and Venoosheh Khaksar -- Globalization, technology, and human development / David L. Reznik -- Anticulture and aging / Eric Mark Kramer and Elaine Hsieh -- Conclusion / Steven L. Arxer and John W. Murphy

Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1 Introduction: Aging, Immigration, and Second Language Learning in the Hispanic Population -- Language Matters for Aging Hispanic Immigrants -- Framing Our Study -- Organization of Book -- References -- 2 A Case Study of an English Learner Speech Community -- How (Older Adult) Second Language Learners Have Been Studied -- Study Sample -- Interviewing Strategies -- Active Interviewing with Hispanic Older Adult Second Language Learners -- References -- 3 Minority Aging in an Immigrant Context -- Transitions and Immigration -- The Structure of Minority Aging and Immigration -- Aging in Culture and Family -- Familial Social Exchange: Benefits and Barriers to Minority Aging -- Social Networks and Neighborhood Context -- Building Language Capital Through Place -- References -- 4 Late-Life Second Language Acquisition: Cognitive and Psycholinguistic Changes, Challenges, and Opportunities -- Review of Linguistic Areas of Interest for SLA and Aging Research -- Question Formation in English (Developmental Sequence) -- Four Linguistic Areas Researched in Psycholinguistics -- Research in SLA and Cognition -- The Critical Period Hypothesis -- Interactionalism and Environmental Factors -- Language Acquisition and Attrition Among Older Adults -- The Paucity of Research on Late-Life Language Learning -- Language Aptitude in Late-Life L2 Learning -- Fluid Intelligence and Working Memory -- Crystallized Intelligence and Long-Term Memory -- Challenges and Issues with Late-Life SLA Research -- Beyond a Deficit-Model -- References -- 5 Social Constructivism and the Role of Place for Immigrant Language Learners -- Socio-SLA: Social Constructivism in Adult L2 Learning -- Applied Linguistics and Aging -- Older Adult Learners and the "Right to Speak" -- Investments -- Aging in Place: ESL Classes as Safe Zones

This paper reviews qualitative research in the United States, highlighting the ways research has changed in the era of the third age. With growing attention to positive and uplifting aspects of aging, qualitative research has played a critical role in the exploration of the ways in which older adults are engaging in meaningful ways with others. We describe two key methodological approaches that have been important to examining positive aspects of aging and exploring the extent to which a growing number of years of healthy retirement are redefining the aging experience: ethnographic research and grounded theory research. We also review key topics associated with qualitative research in the era of the third age. These topics fit within two dominant frameworks – research exploring meaningmaking in later life and research exploring meaningful engagement in later life. These frameworks were critically important to raising attention to meaningful experiences and interactions with others, and we propose that the agenda for future qualitative research in the United States should continue contributing to these frameworks. However, we note that a third framework should also be developed which examines what it means to be a third age through use of a phenomenological approach, which will assist in the important task of theory building about the third age.