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The study gives a scientific and philosophical interpretation of the spiritual essence of Adygs. The novelty of the study is in the analysis of the phenomenon of "adygstvo" (адыгагъэ) – a system of moral values and guidelines of Adygs through the philosophical category of "understanding". The authors propose supplementing the fundamental elements of the Adyghe ethics with the term "shhyak1o" (шъхьак1о) – a collective term that incorporates everything that belittles, detract, or encroaches on the honor and dignity of the Adyghes. The importance of preserving and following one's cultural code in the context of globalization and the need to overcome the culture gap in their daily manifestation by representatives of various ethnic groups are noted. The importance of maintaining and following its cultural code in the context of globalization is noted; the need to overcome cultural gaps in their daily manifestation by representatives of various ethnic groups. The materials and conclusions of the article can be used in the field of regional culture and the process of cultural self-determination of the Adyghes.

The study considers the dependence of mentality on ethno-cultural conditions, the impact of the people's lifestyle on their mentality, the problem of a national character formation. The novelty of the study is that it gives a characteristic of the most multinational region of Russia – the Southern Federal District. Despite the natural, national, religious differences, living together in one territory contributed to the formation of a common mentality of the numerous peoples of southern Russia. It is emphasized that nowadays national value principles and orienteers gain special relevance as a way of obtaining mental stability which is based on spiritual experience of the previous generations. And at the same time, a globalist mentality is forming.