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This chapter aims to look at the current status of poverty and existing social policies in Pakistan. Poverty is one of the concerns for the governments of almost all countries including Pakistan. There is a continuous research on the policy measurements by national and international organizations in Pakistan, which demonstrated the decline in poverty. The government has launched many social policies in the past three decades to help the nation in reducing the poverty. Apart from government, many national and international organizations have also contributed a lot in the effort of reducing the poverty. However, there is very little research available on the effectiveness of these social policies, and on the need of social policy areas in particular. Disparity among the urban and rural population is another important factor, which has been discussed in almost every research on poverty. Still, very few social policies in Pakistan are focusing on rural population. Therefore, the issue of social policy needs fresh exploration in the country, which is necessary to make new social policies that can benefit all citizens.

Pakistan holds a very important geopolitical position not only within South Asia but also in relation to the rest of the world. Connecting East and West, and with the potentiality for bridging the Global South with the North, it forms an important locus for discussing the role of democracy and democratic institutions in bringing about and sustaining peace. With attention on the 2013 election season, this article explores strategies for stakeholders within Pakistan, the aim being the improvement of prospects for democracy and prosperity

Purpose: This study mainly investigates the factors, like job satisfaction, affective commitment, perceived organizational support and distributive justice as antecedents of turnover intentions. Methodology: This study utilized the quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to 200 employees working in leading business schools of Karachi, Pakistan. The correlation and regression analyses have been performed. Findings: The results of the study revealed that, all the predictors negatively correlated and influenced turnover intention. Practical Implication: The findings and framework of this study will be useful to the university organizations, in identifying the factors making the employees working with them to quit. Pakistan is believed to be the potential Market for Investment in Education. This empirical attempt can be used as kick-start for investment in this sector. By taking corrective measures the university organizations can retain knowledge workers, and avoid the anguishes of new hiring.

The persistent increase in environmental degradation has become a challenge for the researchers and policy makers in all the countries of the world. Several studies have scrutinized the impact of economic activities and the use of energy as an input on environmental degradation but the results of these studies were not clear due to several reasons. The present study tries to verify the EKC through economic activities and environmental degradation in 81 developing countries. For analysis purposes PQR and FGLS estimations techniques have been used on the annual panel data for the period 1990-2020. The results of this study show the existence of inverted U shaped EKC between economic activities and environmental degradation. Furthermore, all the selected countries lie on the positive side of the EKC. The study concludes that the government of these countries should take effective steps for the provision of more resources to enhance economic activities without compromising the environmental quality.

AbstractInternational academic mobility is an important dimension of the internationalization of higher education institutions, which aims to enact practical changes in economies and societies. Although many studies have investigated the mobility of international students, the mobility of international academics has been less investigated, particularly in the context of mainland China. This qualitative study explores the experience of international academics in Chinese academia. The study is based on semi‐structured interviews with twenty‐six international academics from different countries, working at different universities in Beijing. Through a four‐stage systematic analysis, the study shows that international academics' engagement with mobility in Chinese academia can be characterized by a combination of gains and losses. This article explores how international academics view Chinese academia as either resourceful or restrictive for their academic career. It then discusses the hidden narratives concerning the challenges that international academics face in relation to mobility.