Suchergebnisse

Abstract: Objective: To assess the distributional pattern of dental plague and its association with cigarette smoking in population of Pakistan. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in various dental hospitals and clinics of Lahore in a duration of 8 months from February 2018 to September 2018. Materials and Methods: 400 willing candidates were selected and given free dental checkup in various government hospitals of Lahore. The patients visiting the outdoor department were selected to see the presence of dental plagues. Informed consent was taken from each candidate. A carefully designed proforma was used for data collection pertaining to the smoking habits. For gathering the information samples were divided into two groups on the basis of smoking habits. Smokers were classified into one group and non-smokers into another with each group having 200 candidates. Sites of dental infections were examined by risk factors i.e. habit of smoking, type of cigarette and the number of cigarettes smoked in one day. Results: Accretion of dental plague is most pronounced in the smokers in lower anterior lingual tooth surface and upper buccal surface in non-smokers and the accumulation of this dental plague is thought to be highly associated with the cigarette smoking. Conclusion: Smoking habits, number of cigarettes, type of cigarette and the duration for which a person has been smoking is found to have a correlation with accretion of dental plague at different oral sites. Keywords: Smoking, accretion of dental plague, assessment, oral distribution

OBJECTIVES: Considering the therapeutic potential of honey and Nigella sativa (HNS) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, the objective of the study is defined to evaluate the prophylactic role of HNS. TRIAL DESIGN: The study is a randomized, placebo-controlled, adaptive clinical trial with parallel group design, superiority framework with an allocation ratio of 1:1 among experimental (HNS) and placebo group. An interim analysis will be done when half of the patients have been recruited to evaluate the need to adapt sample size, efficacy, and futility of the trial. PARTICIPANTS: : High-risk exposure (10min without face protection). Moderate exposure (10min with face protection). Subjects with acute or chronic infection, COVID-19 vaccinated, and allergy to HNS will be excluded from the study. Recruitment will be done at Shaikh Zayed Post-Graduate Medical Institute, Ali Clinic and Doctors Lounge in Lahore (Pakistan). INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: In this clinical study, patients will receive either raw natural honey (0.5 g) and encapsulated organic Nigella sativa seeds (40 mg) per kg body weight per day or empty capsule with and 30 ml of 5% dextrose water as a placebo for 14 days. Both the natural products will be certified for standardization by Government College University (Botany department). Furthermore, each patient will be given standard care therapy according to version 3.0 of the COVID-19 clinical management guidelines by the Ministry of National Health Services of Pakistan. MAIN OUTCOMES: Primary outcome will be Incidence of COVID-19 cases within 14 days of randomisation. Secondary endpoints include incidence of COVID-19-related symptoms, hospitalizations, and deaths along with the severity of COVID-19-related symptoms till 14(th) day of randomization. RANDOMISATION: Participants will be randomized into experimental and control groups (1:1 allocation ratio) via the lottery method. There will be stratification based on high risk and ...