Suchergebnisse

Unser Leben wird von Märkten bestimmt. Sie sind für die kapitalistischen Volkswirtschaften weltweit konstitutiv und haben von Anfang an viele öffentliche Debatten ausgelöst. Während Märkte für die Einen der unübertroffene Modus der Handlungskoordination sind, werden sie von Anderen als Quelle vieler gesellschaftlicher Übel eingestuft und bekämpft. Dieses Buch vereint das Wissen über Märkte von Soziologie, Ökonomie und Anthropologie und untersucht systematisch die verschiedenen Formen von Märkten, denen wir täglich in unserem Leben begegnen. Der Inhalt Koordination in der Wirtschaft • Märkte im gesellschaftlichen Lebenszusammenhang • Formen von Märkten • Standardmärkte und Statusmärkte • Schaffung und Kontrolle von Märkten Die Zielgruppen Wirtschafts- und OrganisationssoziologInnen Der Autor Dr. Patrik Aspers ist Professor für Soziologie an der Universität Uppsala, Schweden

Interest in contemporary cultural industries has grown in the past decade, as they take on a greater significance in our increasingly consumer-led society. Focusing on the world of fashion photography, this book presents an interdisciplinary approach in which this and other aesthetic markets, such as advertising, modelling, art, music and more, can be viewed.The main thrust of this groundbreaking book, is in developing a theory for these cultural markets, characterized by insecurity, and where status and aesthetic diversity generate order and price differentiation. In these industrie

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the making of markets. The paper identifies two ideal-typical processes in which markets are made - organized making and spontaneous making - which are often combined in reality. Organized making is defined as a process in which at least two actors come together and decide on the order of the market. There are two ways of organized making of markets, called "state-governed market making" and "self-governed market making". Spontaneous making is defined as a process in which the market is an unintended result of actors' activities. The attention sociologists have paid to the issue of market making has been directed largely at organized market making. This paper develops a sociological approach that integrates both spontaneous and organized market making, and identifies three phases of market making. This involves a discussion of empirical cases, and seven hypotheses are presented that make predictions for the two types of market making. The paper provides theoretical tools for studying the making of markets in history, as well as in our own time. Finally, a number of conditions are presented that must be in place if there is to be a market.

Reflektion.

"Starting from the problem of economic coordination, this article defines markets as a social structure for the exchange of rights in which offers are evaluated and priced, and compete with one another. It identifies temporality, the roles of buyers and sellers, the voluntary nature of trade, property rights and competition as key features distinguishing markets from trade and other forms of economic coordination. In order to function, markets require a shared understanding of a product, a common culture as rules of behavior and an agreement over the economic value of an offer. Finally, the article distinguishes between 'fixed' and 'switch-role markets' to show that it is necessary to speak of markets in plural." (author's abstract)

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to analyze Alfred Marshall's concept of class. Marshall's concept of class is not well‐studied. His idea of class is different from what Weber and Marx have proposed. In contrast to many other economists, he has a discussion of class that is developed. It is shown that Marshall sees classes as made up of people whose work offers similar chances of developing their higher faculties. An integrated idea is that different class positions are associated with different discount rates of future outcomes. Marshall's class theory combines physical and mental components.