Suchergebnisse

The article, written with the use of archival materials, party and Komsomol press, and ethnographic research, analyzes the development of the peasant-youth world, within its main sex and age groups within the peasant world, on the eve and during collectivization. The main emphasis is placed on the dynamics of transformation of such aspects of youth life as participation in various forms of farming, family, culture, everyday life, and religion. The question of the effectiveness of attempts to influence the party and Komsomol bodies in the use of various forms of youth life in the formation of the socialist village through cooperation and collectivized farms is raised. The author concludes that there is considerable resilience of the youth world in the face of the intervention of the Soviet organs in the internal life of the youth, the steady development of such aspects of the modernization of this group as the restructuring of the family on personal grounds, the rationalization of consciousness, the secularization of culture and everyday life. The policy of the Party and Komsomol organizations in the countryside objectively contributed to the modernization of all aspects of the life of rural youth as part of modern society in its "socialist" form.

The article, based on archival materials, deals with the transformation of the power formula in Russia during World War I from the "government of trust" to the "government responsible to the people". The evolution of that political strategy is analyzed in relation to the objective requirements for all warring countries to a new type of war, which were the national unity, including the widest strata of the population, and the national economy regulation, limiting market mechanisms and leading to the transition of the economy to the rails of comprehensive regulation right up to planning. The article focuses on the specifics in the formation of representation for public and democratic elements in the public organizations of All-Russian unions of zemstvos ( system of local administration) and cities, which provided support for the change of the formula of power depending on the socio-political processes during the war. The author comes to the conclusion that in the Russia conditions it occurred within the framework of the change of the power formula: from the "trust government", responsible to the "Progressive bloc" of the census State Duma (1915), to the concept of the government responsible to the bloc of census public elements within the "trust government before the country" (1915–1916) and then under the pressure of a broad bloc of democratic public elements in the city and the countryside involved in the organization of the country for defense and of the national economy to the formula of "government responsible to the people" (1916 – early 1917).

The article presents the reconstruction essay on the life world of a large professional and social medical nurses corporation during the First World War. The research is based on extensive first-time archive material. The main social and anthropological characteristics of medical nurses are presented: the number, age, education, psychological types, activities of the nursing organization, nurses' relations with various, higher and lower, groups of the Red Cross employees, soldiers, officers, public attitudes towards the nursing corporation. The research focuses on the analysis of the world of life through the prism of the daily military and sanitary activities of that group, what was dictated by the work technology caused by the total war.