The article examines the use of coloristic neologisms borrowed from French and English in the Russian language. The history of the emergence of coloronyms in Russian linguistics is studied, as well as their lexical meaning and semantic features. The continuous development of various areas of human life contributes to the emergence of new words, including neologisms. One of the most striking examples of the emergence of new lexical units in the Russian language is the process of borrowing. Among a number of borrowings, there are coloristic neologisms, there is an increased interest in the study of these lexemes. The rapid development of the modern world, cultural ties, socio-political relations with foreign states lead to a constant modification of the lexical composition of the modern Russian language.
Toponyms represent language units denoting elements of topographic environment. Toponymy is a bridge connecting geography and linguistics. The study of this kind of terms requires not only knowledge of the history of the emergence of geographical objects, but also the linguistic features of the language. The relevance of the study is caused by the need to develop the theory of toponymy and to systematize all the existing toponymic classifications. Classifying toponymic nominations, one must consider the multifaceted (intra- and extra-linguistic) principles of allocation of toponymic units. This article examines the classifications of foreign authors, proposed in various historical periods, personifying views on the problems of typologization of toponyms.
Today the problem of interpersonal communication is the most urgent. Modern technologies dictate new rules of communication to us. And one of the most pressing issues of interpersonal communication is the doctor-patient line. After all, how successful the treatment will be directly depends on their correctly built positive communication. However, not only the psychological influence of the doctor on the patient is important, but also the linguistic side of the issue. Correctly offered information, correct wording of the question, all this is necessary to create a favorable outcome of solving the patient's problem.
The article is devoted to an attempt to comprehend the general state of modern linguistic science, as well as to identify and describe the fundamental trends in the development of the science of language. The paper suggests that the removal of information barriers between sciences gives a powerful impetus for the development of research. The dominant linguistic and cognitive-discursive toolkit of a literary work, which determines the originality of the textual projection of the thinking of the subject of speech and receives a specific linguistic formulation of knowledge about the world in a discursive structure. Thus, the article presents a hypothesis according to which the union of linguistics with scientific branches, fundamentally far from it, of a non-humanitarian sense, allows not only to establish linguo-cognitive patterns of representation of the linguistic model of the world, but also to reconstruct the abstract thinking model of the subject of speech.
The article reveals the patterns of using inconsistent and consistent attribute in the structure of the Latin anatomical multi-word term and in its equivalents in other languages. In search of criteria for choosing one or another method of determination, processes of lexicalization of a complex term, semantic analysis of components of a multi-word term are considered, contrast analysis is carried out to compare the Latin term with its equivalents in other languages. On the basis of the analysis of the International Anatomical Terminology, cases of variability of the same term with consistent and inconsistent attribute are considered. Professional language usage is considered as one of the reasons for the rare interchangeability of consistent and inconsistent attribute denoting the same anatomical object. Based on the theory of psychosystematics, the author concludes that there is a difference in the semantic perception of variants of the two-word term with consistent and inconsistent attribute in connection with the different thought mechanism of the incident in the formation of the noun and adjective.
The article analyzes the use of medical terminology in poetry of the Soviet period (20-70s of the XX century). Consideration of the texts of such poets as E. Asadov, A. Voznesensky, M. Tsvetaeva, B. Pasternak allows us to see the different degrees of determinologization of medical vocabulary in the structure of artistic discourse. The article shows that medical terms easily enter the composition of metaphors, occasionalisms, neologisms, acquire new connotative and emotive shades of meaning. Terms and medical vocabulary are capable of performing nominative, characterological functions, forming a creative reality - a picture of the world of a particular work, and contributing to the creative self-expression of poets. The article uses the techniques of the structural-semiotic method and conceptual analysis.
It is proved that there is an increased interest in the study of color in various aspects of science. The relevance of the research is determined by the interest in the problems associated with the theoretical and practical study of terminological word formation of color in medicine. The aim of the present study is to investigate colorview in medical terminology. It is revealed that medical dictionaries contain terms that contain a word that denotes colora coloronym, which is used to clarify and specify the symptom, sign designated by the term. Consequently, a thematic range of chemical elements is considered, indicating the name of color shades, types of medicinal plants and their colors. It is analyzed that medical terms with a coloronym have a number of features, such as the duration of functioning, participation in the creation of new terms. It is revealed that the thematic group of coloronyms in folk names of medicinal plants indicate the color, appearance (white spots on prickly green leaves) and the valuable medicinal properties of this plant. It is considered that in modern linguistics, the dynamics of the surrounding world is also manifested in the emergence of new associations associated with a certain term of color, which leaves an imprint on its meaning. Thematic groups of chemical elements, substances, minerals and acids with coloronyms indicating the name of color shades are analyzed. It was found that each coloronym denotes its own thematic series and has a number of features in medical terminology. Thematic group colorview has characteristic symptoms and signs of disease. As a result of the analysis of the content of coloristic names, the following thematic groups were identified, differentiated on the basis of the spheres of functioning of the term: names of internal diseases; names of skin diseases; names of plants; names and colors of chemical elements; blood analysis.
He problem of interaction between language and society is more and more relevant in the modern world. Changes of the world have influenced the discourse in various spheres of communication. Moreover the progress of medicine has led to changes in the system of medical terms, and, consequently, to difficulties in understanding of terms in the ordinary consciousness. A person always wants to understand other people and to be understood by them. So it is the main goal of communication. The article deals with the issue of the functioning of medical terms in the minds of first-year French-speaking students. First-year stu- dents have the ordinary consciousness. Medical terms, which are studied by them (first-year students), function in the ordinary consciousness in incorrect form. It's because they are based on associations, feelings which the person has during the process of cognition, and, therefore, they must be interpreted. During the process of learning, there is a need to clarify the personal meanings that medical students have in regarding to special terms. In this article the author gives the results of the research concerning the French-speaking students' knowledge of medical terminology. The author gives examples of the perception and rethinking of medical terms based on common knowledge and examines the formation of scientific knowledge to develop the language of medicine in the consciousness of students and its competent use in the future.
This article examines the features of intercultural communication between representatives of different ethnic groups. Recently, this problem has attracted increased interest among researchers from various countries. There are many classifications of different cultures. This article examines the points of view of such scientists as H. Spencer-Outy, R. Lewis, G. Hofstede. The authors investigate the extent to which national culture is associated with individual behavior, as well as intercultural characteristics at the level of verbal and non-verbal communication, as well as at the level of customs and traditions. The article is devoted to national culture and its relationship with individual behavior and values.
The article deals with some peculiarities of common vocabulary terminological specialization included in native and traditional language vocabulary and procedural field of preparation of native medicinal means using native medical prescriptions. The author stresses the importance of component analysis method in seme semantic content study.
