Suchergebnisse

The research concerning cross-border cooperation initiative between regions presents international relations that are often formed upwards and have their roots in bilateral relations of the regions. A research hypothesis was positively verified on the basis of the conducted research, according to which the examined subject is a form of cross-border cooperation at the level of regional parliaments: German federal states, Kaliningrad District of the Russian Federation and selected Polish voivodships. Coherently with the purpose of the study, an institutional and legal analysis, analysis of source materials and a questionnaire were conducted. The paper contains an investigation of the genesis, objectives and the scope of substantive works concerning the cross-border cooperation formula within the regional parliaments of the South Baltic Region. A special nature of work within the Forum was also presented; the most important substantive issues introduced by the partners in resolutions adopted by acclamation are discussed, as well as the results of own research are presented.

The aim of the article is to reveal the essence and to determine the levels of the polyhybrid aggression of the Russian Federation to the EU's Eastern Partnership initiative and to develop recommendations for its improvement in terms of the geopolitical influences of Russia. To achieve its goals in the Eastern European region, the Russian Federation uses a multidimensional hybrid aggression, namely a polyhybrid aggression, when non-military crises are provoked and maintained in order to weaken the adversary, as a preparatory stage for a direct military invasion. In the case of the Eastern Partnership initiative, it is introduced by attempts to prove its inexpediency and ineffectiveness. The study shows that the Russian polyhybrid aggression has been extended not only to the countries of the Eastern Partnership, but also to the EU – aimed at weakening its transformative power in Eastern Europe, and to the Russian society – aimed at shaping negative stereotypes about the EU and legitimizing the actions of the Russian government. Achieving the Eastern Partnership goals depends on Russia's democratization and its compliance with international law. The following methods were used to solve the research problem: descriptive and historical method, sociological data analysis, forecasting method and structural-functional method.

The article focuses on the national identity, activities and development prospects of the Polish minority in the Vinnytsia region in Ukraine. The analysis is based on the field studies conducted within the framework of the project "State policy on national minorities rights protection: experience of Ukraine and Poland." The aim of the research was to study the phenomenon of national identity and activities of the Polish minority in the Vinnytsia region. The field studies were carried out from April to August 2019 with the participation of leaders of the sixteen Polish minority organizations operating in the Vinnytsia region.

The research aims at presenting and exploring the mechanisms for protection of the rights of national minorities (based on the example of Ukrainian minority) in the Warmia and Mazury Region of the Republic of Poland. The research hypothesis is based on the statement that in fact the protection of rights of national minorities at the level of the Warmia and Mazury Region could be treated as a model, and thus implemented in other regions in Poland, or even in other countries facing the problems related to the protection of national and ethnic minorities. The main research problems are addressed within the questions: how is Ukrainian minority distributed in the studied region?; What are the state and local government institutions working for national minorities in the studied region of Poland?; What activities do these institutions undertake to ensure equal treatment of national minorities and provision for their rights?; How are these activities assessed by organizations/representatives of the Ukrainian national minority? The leading research method was the institutional and legal one. The research also contained the interviewing method as well as the focus group interview. Obtained results of the study confirmed the research hypothesis. It turned out that the Warmia and Mazury Region has created an effective institutional environment for the development of national minorities, including the Ukrainian one. It was possible thanks to the activity of the only Polish Plenipotentiary of the Marshal for national minorities and also the only National and Ethnic Minorities Committee of the Regional Council in Poland.

The research aims at presenting and exploring the mechanisms for protection of the rights of national minorities (based on the example of Ukrainian minority) in the Warmia and Mazury Region of the Republic of Poland. The research hypothesis is based on the statement that in fact the protection of rights of national minorities at the level of the Warmia and Mazury Region could be treated as a model, and thus implemented in other regions in Poland, or even in other countries facing the problems related to the protection of national and ethnic minorities. The main research problems are addressed within the questions: how is Ukrainian minority distributed in the studied region?; What are the state and local government institutions working for national minorities in the studied region of Poland?; What activities do these institutions undertake to ensure equal treatment of national minorities and provision for their rights?; How are these activities assessed by organizations/representatives of the Ukrainian national minority? The leading research method was the institutional and legal one. The research also contained the interviewing method as well as the focus group interview. Obtained results of the study confirmed the research hypothesis. It turned out that the Warmia and Mazury Region has created an effective institutional environment for the development of national minorities, including the Ukrainian one. It was possible thanks to the activity of the only Polish Plenipotentiary of the Marshal for national minorities and also the only National and Ethnic Minorities Committee of the Regional Council in Poland. ; Celem przeprowadzonych badań było ukazanie i analiza mechanizmów ochrony praw mniejszości narodowych (na przykładzie mniejszości ukraińskiej) w województwie warmińsko-mazurskim, wchodzącym w skład terytorium Polski. Jako hipotezę badawczą przyjęto stwierdzenie, że w praktyce ochrona praw mniejszości narodowych na poziomie województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego jest modelowa, a tym samym może być realizowana także w innych województwach w Polsce, a nawet w innych państwach, w których istnieją problemy związane z ochroną mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych. Główne problemy badawcze zawierały się w pytaniach o to: jak jest rozmieszczonа w badanym województwie mniejszość ukraińska?; jakie są w badanym regionie Polski instytucje państwowe i samorządowe działające na rzecz mniejszości narodowych?; jaką działalność przejawiają te instytucje na rzecz równego traktowania mniejszości narodowych i zagwarantowania ich praw? jak te działania oceniają przedstawiciele organizacji mniejszości ukraińskiej? Wiodącą metodą badawczą była metoda instytucjonalno-prawna, а także zastosowano ankietę i wywiad fokusowy. W wyniku badań potwierdzono hipotezę badawczą. Okazało się, że w województwie warmińsko-mazurskim stworzono efektywny, instytucjonalny klimat dla rozwoju mniejszości narodowych, w tym ukraińskiej. Stało się to możliwe dzięki działalności jedynego w Polsce pełnomocnika marszałka województwa do spraw mniejszości narodowych i również jedynej w Polsce Komisji Mniejszości Narodowych i Etnicznych sejmiku tegoż województwa.

The research aims at presenting and exploring the mechanisms for protection of the rights of national minorities (based on the example of Ukrainian minority) in the Warmia and Mazury Region of the Republic of Poland. The research hypothesis is based on the statement that in fact the protection of rights of national minorities at the level of the Warmia and Mazury Region could be treated as a model, and thus implemented in other regions in Poland, or even in other countries facing the problems related to the protection of national and ethnic minorities. The main research problems are addressed within the questions: how is Ukrainian minority distributed in the studied region?; What are the state and local government institutions working for national minorities in the studied region of Poland?; What activities do these institutions undertake to ensure equal treatment of national minorities and provision for their rights?; How are these activities assessed by organizations/representatives of the Ukrainian national minority? The leading research method was the institutional and legal one. The research also contained the interviewing method as well as the focus group interview. Obtained results of the study confirmed the research hypothesis. It turned out that the Warmia and Mazury Region has created an effective institutional environment for the development of national minorities, including the Ukrainian one. It was possible thanks to the activity of the only Polish Plenipotentiary of the Marshal for national minorities and also the only National and Ethnic Minorities Committee of the Regional Council in Poland. ; Celem przeprowadzonych badań było ukazanie i analiza mechanizmów ochrony praw mniejszości narodowych (na przykładzie mniejszości ukraińskiej) w województwie warmińsko-mazurskim, wchodzącym w skład terytorium Polski. Jako hipotezę badawczą przyjęto stwierdzenie, że w praktyce ochrona praw mniejszości narodowych na poziomie województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego jest modelowa, a tym samym może być realizowana także w innych województwach w Polsce, a nawet w innych państwach, w których istnieją problemy związane z ochroną mniejszości narodowych i etnicznych. Główne problemy badawcze zawierały się w pytaniach o to: jak jest rozmieszczonа w badanym województwie mniejszość ukraińska?; jakie są w badanym regionie Polski instytucje państwowe i samorządowe działające na rzecz mniejszości narodowych?; jaką działalność przejawiają te instytucje na rzecz równego traktowania mniejszości narodowych i zagwarantowania ich praw? jak te działania oceniają przedstawiciele organizacji mniejszości ukraińskiej? Wiodącą metodą badawczą była metoda instytucjonalno-prawna, а także zastosowano ankietę i wywiad fokusowy. W wyniku badań potwierdzono hipotezę badawczą. Okazało się, że w województwie warmińsko-mazurskim stworzono efektywny, instytucjonalny klimat dla rozwoju mniejszości narodowych, w tym ukraińskiej. Stało się to możliwe dzięki działalności jedynego w Polsce pełnomocnika marszałka województwa do spraw mniejszości narodowych i również jedynej w Polsce Komisji Mniejszości Narodowych i Etnicznych sejmiku tegoż województwa.

This article considers the concepts and theories of international migration which answer questions about the current trends of migration flows. Particular emphasis has been placed on the transformation of established perceptions of women's migration as, under the influence of globalisation in the modern system of international coordinates, there is a trend that is interpreted as the "feminisation" of international migration. Designing theories and concepts of international migration on an explanation of the motives and specifics of the adaptation of Ukrainian labour migrants in Poland offers a basis upon which to argue that each of them is appropriate for application. In addition, a theoretical modelling of migration policy has been presented. In practice, national governments use such models of migration policy as: the complete exclusion of immigration into a country or profess a "closed-door policy", differentiated exclusion/segregation, integration as a gradual and weaker form of assimilation, the so-called "selective policy", and the assimilation, multicultural or "open-door policy". Future scenarios for the modelling of migration flows represented by leading international organisations have been designed. The multidimensional MIPEX Index, according to which Poland's policy on migrants is assessed as "equality on paper", is lower than the EU average, and, with a score of an estimated 40 points out of a possible 100, has been used to assess the trends of modern migration policy of the Republic of Poland. The new migration model of Poland leans towards a model of a differentiated integration of migrants rather than a multicultural policy or assimilation. It has been concluded that migration policy should be based on the principle of "tripartism"/scenarios (the 'win-win-win' concept) and benefit the donor state, the recipient state, and the migrants themselves.

The article deals with the conceptions of the international migration, focusing on the most relevant strategies in terms of migrant workers adaptation. The authors analyse the following conceptions: the "Pull/Push" theory, Adaptation (acculturation) Strategy, Relative Inequality Theory of Migration, the Human Capital Theory. Legal framework of Ukraine and Poland in the sphere of labor migration regulation, including set of legal acts, adopted by both countries in order to minimize possible negative outcomes caused by evolving migration flows have been analyzed. The main "pushing" migration factors of the donor countries and "pulling" factors of the recipients are clarified. The main motive for migrating to Poland is to form a so-called "airbag" for their families in Ukraine. The point is that thanks to remittances, clothes, food, etc., Ukrainian labor migrants form a sense of confidence in the future of their family members in the "era of poverty", which is identified with the Ukrainian state. The positive and negative consequences of the migration flows intensification of Ukrainian workers for both Ukraine and Poland are highlighted. Future scenarios for modeling migration flows are shaped, namely: optimistic, pessimistic, and realistic and the Covid-19 migration pattern. Recommendations for strengthening the effectiveness of Ukrainian-Polish cooperation in solving of the labor migration problems are suggested. The assessment of the trends of current migration policy of Warsaw has been carried out in accordance with multilateral MIPEX Index. Thus, migration policy is assessing as the "equality in the paper" and is rating lower (40/100 points) than average indicator among EU-countries. The conclusions assert that migration policy should be based on the principle of "tripartism" and serve the donor state, the recipient state and the migrants themselves.