Suchergebnisse

Renaissance are so important and considered historians as the starting point for the development of European civilization. First, European people succeed many achievement in various sector, namely: art, philosophy, literature, science, politics, education, religion, trade and others. Second, Renaissanse has revived the ideals, the realm of thought, the philosophy of life which then structures the standards of the modern world such as optimism, hedonism, naturalism and individualism. Third, the Ancient Greeks and Rome legacies need to revived. Fourth, the incorporation of secular humanism that shifts the human thinking orientation from the theocentric to the anthropocentric. Science had the transmission, dissemination, and proliferation to the Western world that supports the epoch of the Renaissance in Europe. Through the Islamic World, the Western world gained access to deepen and modernized science.Keywords: Renaissance, scientific transmission, Islam in Europe.

Tulisan ini merupakan kajian tentang politik hukum kebebasan beragama di Indonesia. Sebagai bangsa yang multi-etnik tentu saja kajian seputar politik hukum kebebasan beragama di Indonesia menjadi penting. Kajian dengan menggunakan metode perbandingan dan sejarah hukum ini menggambarkan dan menganalisis sikap dasar negara terhadap kebebasan beragama, perkembangan politik hukum hak asasi manusia, dan substansi pengakuan kebebasan beragama dalam konstitusi Indonesia. Perkembangan politik hukum kebebasan beragama di Indonesia berjalan tidak linear, namun penuh dinamika sebagaimana pengalaman historis relasi antara negara dan agama yang terjadi selama ini. Relasi antara negara dengan Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) dijadikan model kajian bagaimana dinamika relasi antara negara dan agama terjadi di Indonesia. Kajian ini menemukan bahwa perkembangan politik hukum kebebasan beragama di Indonesia tidak terlepas dari pandangan (persepsi/pemahaman) negara dan masyarakat, dan antar warga masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, kajian ini merekomendasikan bahwa untuk meredam konflik yang potensial melanggar kebebasan beragama di Indonesia, strategi yang tidak dapat dielakkan adalah membangun kesepahaman antara para pihak dalam negara dan masyarakat.This article is a study on legal-policy of religious freedom in Indonesia. As a multi-ethnic nation of course becomes important to the study surrounding the legal-policy of religious freedom in Indonesia. The study using comparative and history of law methods is to describe and analyze the state's attitude toward religious freedom, the legal-policy development of human rights, and the substance of the constitutional recognition of religious freedom in Indonesia. Legal-policy development on religious freedom in Indonesia is running not linear, but dynamics as the historical experiences of relations between state and religion that occurred during this time. Relation between the state and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) used as a model of study how the dynamics relations between state and religion in Indonesia. This study finds that the legal-policy development of religious freedom in Indonesia is inseparable from view (perception/understanding) between the state and society, and between citizens. Therefore, this study recommends that in order to reduce potential conflicts violate religious freedom in Indonesia, the inevitable strategy is to build understanding between the parties in the state and society.

Abstract Corruption in Indonesia is spread massive across in local area. Prevention and prosecution of corruption have been made to establish legislation and a new organizational structure, but corruption still occurs. In order to create a clean government of corruption required participation in the control of local government in the form of upholding the principles of transparency and accountability. This paper examines corruption in the local area and strengthening society in controls to prevent corruption in the local area. Keywords: Public Control, Local Government, Corruption. Abstrak Korupsi di Indonesia menyebar di daerah secara massif. Upaya pencegahan dan penindakan terhadap korupsi telah dilakukan dengan membentuk perundang-undangan dan struktur kelembagaan baru, namun korupsi masih terjadi. Dalam rangka menciptakan pemerintahan daerah yang bersih dari korupsi diperlukan partisipasi masyarakat dalam mengkontrol penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah berupa penegakan prinsip transparansi dan akuntabilitas. Tulisan ini mengkaji korupsi di daerah dan penguatan masyarakat dalam melakukan kontrol untuk mencegah korupsi di daerah. Kata Kunci : Kontrol Masyarakat, Pemerintahan Daerah, Korupsi.