Suchergebnisse

As technological inventions and innovations are bewildering the human mind, destroying barriers between peoples, cultures, time and space, globalization trends are sweeping civilizations, nations, nationalisms and other ethnic narrow circles. The winds of human revolutions overwhelm governments, leaders and citizens in pursuit of a better world, based on human freedoms and rights, economic well-being, peace and sustainable ecosystem. This positive cultural change is subjected to many obstacles and much dichotomy, whereby some do promote a negatively extreme pole of violence, terror and death. The objective of this research is to deeply explore the inner venues of both trends, embraced by a new breed of international mangers, leaders, and further determine their impact upon the birth of a world culture, primarily adopted by international businesses. The proposed methodology of research relies, primarily on data gathering from many thinkers and organizations aiming at laying a possible foundation for promoting intercultural management between Europe and the Middle Eastern countries.

History of empires and nations in a particular civilization is remembered by the scientific and academic discoveries. Greeks, Roman, Persian or other empires are mostly their military conquests and glories which faded away with time, while the taught ideologies, thoughts and inventions remain basic pillars in the development of human history, civilization and scientific discoveries. In the modern world man undertook many leaps into uncovering what previously were viewed as national mysteries and secrets. Science and technology have transported man to outer space, reaching other planets, travelling deeply in the fields of medicine, communication, transportation, electronics and continual creativity; yet that same man, remains enslaved to its own weaknesses and shortfalls. The scientific superhuman, in spite of the discoveries, focused also on self- destruction. Weapons of mass destruction are endlessly invented, poverty and misery offers over forty percent of the world population (2.6 billion humans), while over one thousand billions U.S. dollars are spent yearly on wars, destruction of humans and the environment. The authors chose to focus on (a) providing general but clear definition of educational objectives in Lebanon; (b) identifying the Lebanese educational socio-political system; (c) highlighting some deficiencies of the curricula offered at educational institutions, beginning with the first grades till the graduate studies at universities; (d) examining the family influence; (e) stressing the socio-religious, political ideological indoctrination. The study also highlights the negative effects caused by unqualified, untrained and unethical teaching staff in most institutions which resemble business bazaars where profit and money are the driving engines.

Since its birth on the planet Earth, man has incessantly embarked on a long journey in search of its "being". He formed tribal clans, fought endless series of wars in search of wealth and power. He attempted to discover, understand and subdue the universe to its limited mind. His imagination created then herds of good and bad gods to hide his weaknesses, fears and limitations. Often, he proclaimed himself divine and godly, when, in reality he lives in fear and anxiety facing death and threats by unseen killer bacteria or natural elements that impacted and reduced his pride, arrogance, and self-worship to ultimate death. Glory, wealth, power, and physical well being soon evaporated into some dark and narrow dungeon. This self-proclaimed superman-woman, who defies all laws and rules, keep dreaming about being eternal, while reality transforms them sometimes into weak, empty and helpless vegetables. Their worlds of violence, threats and greed continually collapsed for no return. This research focuses upon this self-proclaimed "superhuman" of the Middle East, who lives and dies in a state of slavery not imposed upon him by force, rather a result of personal consent. The authors aim to clarify the paradigm of relationship between despotism and consent.

Economic studies in recent have been strongly influence by mathematical formulas ignoring to a high degree, the basic specifities and differentiating factors in every state and society. It has been common, by international institutions, such as the IMF, the World Bank and local banks, economists or researches to simply rely on superficial and often inaccurate statistics, revolving around GDP, per capita income, inflation rate and others to formulate economic and financial strategies mainly for the developing countries. The general results have been so far abysmal. Wealth is being accumulated in few hands and poverty stricken social closes are rapidly expanding. This paper focuses on the case of Lebanon to highlight the meaning and effective bases of its development. The Real Estate sector was chosen for the study because it is considered the main engine for development. The hypothesis claims that the ballooning of property prices, in the absence of proper taxation policy and economic strategic planning, is indirectly forcing the country's youth to emigrate, while the poor class increased to about 60% of the population. The research demonstrates that in the absence of good governance and the rule of law, corruption creeps monopolizing power and finances. The country consequently is heading toward instability, violence and possible chaos. It also proves that statistical data wrongly collected do not lead to development rather prevent or worsen it.

Technological inventions stand beyond limits in applications to promote and sustain good governance, as man travels in open space, in search and discovery of the mysteries of the galaxies. In contrast, man in most developing countries still relies upon the primitive instinct reflected in thought, behavior, and culture of violence. Good governance is enhanced by technological discoveries to promote constructive communication, facilitate transactions, keep accurate records, provide better public services, and combat corruption. It is the key factor to promote governance transparency, managerial effectiveness and sustain development. The presence of good governance will help countries fight violence and corruption by spreading a sense of equity and utilitarianism. This research focuses upon collecting data from the developing country of Lebanon, in the MENA region, where most official and public transactions are still carried out, handwritten, in ledgers and endless bureaucratic tapes. The authors aim to collect and analyze the actual data, for its heartbreaking, that in the 21st century humans are still living in the swampy darkness of corruption and backwardness. The hypothesis of this research aims at highlighting the importance and values, produced by the application of e-government to help sustain the country's development.

International business, historically, consisted of trade and transactions of goods being exchanged between different parties. It embodies manufacturing, purchasing, shipping and marketing of specific products under different brands and shapes within a highly competitive environment. After the research and findings conducted by Adam Smith and elaborated in his book the wealth of nations, the world made tremendous changes. The Division of work and tasks along with the evolution of the business concept and trade more control and coordination are needed nowadays. Since the evolution by itself created new processes to implement, the human behavior faced new challenges as well, the repercussion of the latter affected the exchange of goods and services system and the situation is becoming more ambiguous to understand if what drives the forces in trade are result of violence carried out by market forces or initiated in organizational culture! The success in international business depends on many key factors namely; the product's quality and costs, the financial, political and legal ingredients, cultural differences and similarities, the availability of natural and human resources to acquire and sustain competitive advantage, within a secured and stable environment. This research focuses upon the cultural- military environment and its impact on national and international business trends in mainly the MENA region.

Lebanese Emigrants: Cross-cultural Vectors Unlimited technological discoveries and innovations, globalization, cross-cultural paradigms, wars, international communication and interdependency have contributed to unprecedented worldwide human mobility through emigration. Lebanon was highly affected, for the number of its emigrant citizens to foreign countries exceeds 3 times those still residing in the home country. The 14 million Lebanese emigrants are settled all over the world in search of economic, health and personal security. The official Lebanese policy today focuses upon establishing bonds with the emigrants, based on the importance of having them liaise with their country of origin on the socio-economic and political levels. These emigrants acted as transporters of Lebanese culture into the world and in return carry foreign culture into Lebanon. The research concentrates upon the role of international cultural trends over the Lebanese youth. It also offers recommendations to effectively deal with this issue for the mutual benefits of both the resident and emigrant Lebanon.