Suchergebnisse

There are certain commodities that are part of the taken-for-granted background of Scottishness. Cheese is one of them. Dunlop, in particular, has been around since the eighteenth century but, despite its iconic status, its biography has yet to be fully explored. This paper is a preliminary probe, suggesting that Dunlop and its main rival, Scottish Cheddar, were locked in a struggle for pride of place in the national palate. The story is a complex one of knowledge transfer of cheesemaking techniques from Somerset in South-West England coupled with innovation and popularisation by Scottish cheesemakers. One comparative measure of value and quality referred to is price, as derived from newspapers such as the Caledonian Mercury. This shows that traditional Dunlop was less valued than Cheddar in the Scottish market. Lesser demand, lower price, and lower esteem all then contributed to a rethink about the Dunlop system of cheesemaking. From the 1850s onwards Dunlop was increasingly made using elements of the Cheddar recipe and techniques, and by 1890 the two cheeses were indistinguishable in taste and texture. Overall, the paper reassesses a number of actors and events that between them transformed Scottish cheese in the period 1790 to 1890.

In the 1990s Charles Foster claimed that a commercial Cheshire cheese trade began in 1650, the year when the first coastwise cargo from Chester was recorded in the London port books. One purpose of this research note is to embellish Foster's claim by suggesting that an even greater influence on this trade was the adoption from the early 1840s by England's state-appointed victuallers of Cheshire cheese as one of their standard commodities. They then supplied it in bulk to the navy and also to army garrisons in theatres of war such as Ireland and Scotland. The victualler who played the principal role in this provisioning from the 1640s to the 1670s was Denis Gauden. His career is followed, and his final downfall, which was caused by inadequate and chaotic government financial systems.

Fattening children or fattening farmers? School milk in Britain, 1921‐1941. The introduction of school milk in Britain in the first half of the twentieth century was a relatively slow process. This article seeks to understand state and private sector initiatives in the light of four issues: nutrition, political factors, problems in the dairy industry, and the moulding of the consumers of the future. Overall, the nutritional benefits of school milk are debatable, possibly even negative in those areas where it replaced other foods; but the dairy industry did well, creating new markets at a time of depression. After the war school milk reached the zenith of its popularity.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Preface -- Acknowledgment -- Author -- Chapter 1: Arsenic Poisoning through Ages: Victims of Venom -- 1.1 Arsenic: Terminology and History -- 1.2 Arsenic Chemistry -- 1.2.1 Principal Arsenic Compounds -- 1.2.2 Properties of Arsenic -- 1.2.3 Arsenic Analysis: Geochemical Speciation -- 1.3 Arsenic Applications -- 1.3.1 Homicidal and Suicidal Arsenic -- 1.3.2 Medicinal Arsenic -- 1.3.3 Arsenic in Industries -- 1.3.4 Arsenic in Agriculture -- 1.4 Arsenic in Environment -- 1.4.1 Arsenic in Water -- 1.4.2 Arsenic in Rocks and Soils -- 1.4.3 Arsenic in Atmosphere -- 1.4.4 Dietary Sources of Arsenic -- 1.5 Mechanism of Arsenic in Groundwater -- 1.6 Health Impacts of Arsenic Toxicity -- 1.7 Regulation for Arsenic Exposure -- 1.8 Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 2: Groundwater Arsenic Catastrophe: The Global Scenario -- 2.1 Worldwide Arsenic Catastrophe -- 2.2 Arsenic in Asian Countries -- 2.2.1 Alluvial and Deltaic Aquifers, Bangladesh -- 2.2.2 Irrawaddy Delta, Burma -- 2.2.3 Mekong Delta, Cambodia -- 2.2.4 Alluvial Plains, China -- 2.2.5 Ganges-Brahmaputra Plain, India -- 2.2.6 Kurdistan Province, Iran -- 2.2.7 Japan -- 2.2.8 Terai Alluvial Plain, Nepal -- 2.2.9 Indus Alluvial Plain, Pakistan -- 2.2.10 Quaternary Aquifer, Taiwan -- 2.2.11 Ron Phibun, Thailand -- 2.2.12 Western Anatolia, Turkey -- 2.2.13 Red River Basin and Mekong Delta, Vietnam -- 2.3 Arsenic in North America -- 2.3.1 Canada -- 2.3.2 Mexico -- 2.3.3 The USA -- 2.4 Arsenic in South America -- 2.4.1 Chaco-Pampean Plain, Argentina -- 2.4.2 Brazil -- 2.4.3 Chile -- 2.5 Arsenic in Europe -- 2.5.1 France -- 2.5.2 Germany -- 2.5.3 Greece -- 2.5.4 The Great Hungarian Plain -- 2.5.5 Italy -- 2.5.6 The Danube Basin: Romania, Slovakia, and Croatia -- 2.5.7 Scandinavia

Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Contributors -- Preface and Acknowledgments -- 1 Iantroduction -- PART 1: TRENDS IN FOOD CONSUMPTION AND CONSUMER CHOICE -- 2 Century of Hunger, Century of Plenty: How Abundance Arrived in Alpine Valleys -- 3 From Soviet Cuisine to Kremlin Diet: Changes in Consumption and Lifestyle in Twentieth-Century Russia -- 4 Slovene Food Consumption in the Twentieth Century - From Self-Sufficiency to Mass Consumerism -- 5 The Stop-Go Era: Restoring Food Choice in Britain after World War II -- PART 2: INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL INFLUENCES ON FOOD CONSUMPTION -- 6 How Food Products Gained an Individual 'Face': Trademarks as a Medium of Advertising in the Growing Modern Market Economy in Germany -- 7 Labelling Standard Information and Food Consumption in Historical Perspective: An Overview of State Regulation in Spain 1931-1975 -- 8 Food Labelling for Health in the Light of Norwegian Nutrition Policy -- 9 Sugar Production and Consumption in France in the Twentieth Century -- 10 Controlling Fat and Sugar in the Norwegian Welfare State -- PART 3: SOCIAL AND MEDICAL INFLUENCES -- 11 Diet, Body Types, Inequality and Gender: Discourses on 'Proper Nutrition' in German Magazines and Newspapers (c.1930-2000) -- 12 Food Consumption and Risk of Obesity: The Medical Discourse in France 1850-1930 -- 13 Slimming Through the Depression: Obesity and Reducing in Interwar Britain Ina Zweiniger-Bargielowska -- 14 Socialism and the Overweight Nation: Questions of Ideology, Science and Obesity in Czechoslovakia, 1950-70 -- 15 Separated, But Sharing a Health Problem: Obesity in East and West Germany, 1945-1989 -- 16 Conclusion -- Index.