Suchergebnisse

• Opsomming: Hierdie artikel beskryf die etiese dilemmas waarin munisipale amptenare in die 1950s hulleself bevind het, veral rakende die munisipale bierbrouery in die swart woongebiede. Hierdie ervarings illustreer die patriargale verhoudings tussen swart en blanke gemeenskappe, en die paternalistiese politieke denke van hierdie era. Die onderliggende probleem was dat blanke amptenare probeer het om swart inwoners se reg om bier te gebruik binne 'n konteks van inheemse gemeenskapsreg verstaan het, en nie as 'n vorm van moderne, indiwiduele regte nie. Drie hooftemas word hier geanaliseer: bierbrouery as 'n teenvoeter vir probleme van moderniteit en sosiale dissipline; die rol van kulturele verskille wat patriargale sisteme van beheer aangemoedig het; en die morele probleme van winste as gevolg van bierbrouery, in 'n konteks van paternalisme. Die artikel beskryf hoe die munisipale amptenare hulle morele besware uiteindelik oorkom het, in 'n konteks van Verwoerdiaanse voorskrifte op munisipale segregasie en rassedominasie.

Gedurende die 1930s, het die Stadsraad van Oos-Londen herhaaldelik probeer om die bierbrouery in die swart woonbuurt van Duncan Village te beheer. Telkens het hierdie pogings gefaal, en teen 1947 moes die Stadsraad die verbod op tuisbrouery ophef. In 1956 het die plaaslike amptenare met hernude entoesiasme probeer om 'n munisipale monopolie op bierproduksie te bewerkstellig. In die proses moes hulle 'n skeptiese swart Adviesraad probeer oortuig alvorens hierdie besluit bekragtig kon word. Die Duncan Village Adviesraad het die amptenare se eie paternalistiese argumente gebruik om die besluit teë te staan. Hierdie wedersydse argumente is 'n insiggewende voorbeeld van die onderliggende dinamika van paternalistiese administrasie tydens die 1950s, en gee 'n waardevolle blik op stedelike swart politieke dinamika. Die artikel beskryf hierdie komplekse onderhandelinge oor 'n termyn van sewe jaar t.o.v. Raadsbesluite en verslae, sowel as die 1957 SABRA simposium oor alkoholregulering. In 1962 het die bevindinge van 'n Kommissie van Ondersoek uiteindelik gelei het tot hernude munisipale bierproduksie in Oos-Londen. In 'n konteks van ingewikkelde rasseverhoudinge, het dit 25-jaar geneem vir die Oos-Londense stadsvaders om hulle wil as't ware op die swart gemeenskap van Duncan Village af te "dwing".

The paper by Kim Palmer and John Sender makes the following argument: Claim (i): Rural households are currently not benefiting much from agriculture. Claim (ii): The current situation cannot be improved by policy changes (for example, in agricultural policy). Conclusion: We should direct resources away from agriculture, to non-farm sources of income (for example, wages, social grants). Adapted from the source document.

The local government level has historically been the most neglected aspect of government in South Africa, both in research and in conventional political activity. Yet, paradoxically, it has been the level at which several crucial government policies have played themselves out, away from the public eye, but drastic in their effects on the material and political position of all inhabitants of towns and cities in South Africa. This research into local government was begun with two basic questions in mind. Firstly, local-level attempts to alter their own institutional structures needed to be documented and analysed. A consideration of six case studies of white initiatives for change at the local level uncovered numerous political and economic dimensions which interact and set constraints on each other. It is impossible to produce one final interpretation of why these local events happened, what their significance was, and what possibilities they offer for the future. Invariably, each case study is a microcosm of the broader multifaceted conflict in South Africa. This report is an attempt to present as many of these dimensions as possible, even though it cannot ever be complete. ; Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)

Since their establishment in 1977, Community Councils, like their predecessors, have been severely criticised by urban blacks for their powerlessness. Councillors themselves are disappointed with their inability to improve the living and working conditions of their constituents, and are aware of the rejection of councils as a meaningful political forum by many sectors of black society. In 1978 the Urban Councils Association of South Africa (UCASA) was formed to tie together the ineffective Councils into a more forceful power bloc, which would provide Councils with greater legitimacy and political credibility in the community. By doing so, UCASA acts as a counter to the Administration Boards manned predominantly by whites; UCASA is therefore in the difficult position of operating within government- created structures, while challenging the very structure on which itself is based. This report will outline UCASA's structure and activities within the context of the controversial position of local black urban authorities. It will also be necessary to describe UCASA's political standpoints, both on issues relating to Community Councils and broader South African problems. Three dominant themes constantly recur: structural deficiencies within UCASA itself; tension between UCASA and white officials within Administration Boards and the Department of Co-operation and Development; and UCASA's reaction to left-wing critics who adhere to the non-collaborationist approach with regard to government-created institutions. These divergent attitudes to UCASA will be discussed in more detail towards the end of the paper; finally, an evaluation of UCASA's success in establishing itself as a focal point of pressure for reform from within the ranks of Community Councils will be presented. ; Digitised by Rhodes University Library on behalf of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER)

The New South African Review revives the tradition of critical, analytical scholarship developed by the South African Review in the 1970s and 1980s. Accessible to a wide readership and drawing upon authors from well beyond academia, its objective is to be informative, discursive and, at times, downright provocative. It seeks to provide contemporary comment and engage with current controversies. The first volume in the series, 2010: Development or Decline? ranges widely across the implications of the international crisis for the economy, the threats to our fragile ecology of present economic strategies, through to the state of the ANC and the public service, issues around service delivery, migration, HIV-Aids, land reform, crime, the sexual behaviour of our youth, and much more. Posing the provocative question of whether South Africa is embarking upon a long-term decline, the volume simultaneously argues the potential for a society premised upon social equality, social coherence and sustainability. This collection will appeal to both national and international audiences interested in engaging with the multiple dilemmas and challenges facing contemporary South Africa