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This study investigates the existence of earnings management motivations and strategies. Based on ordinary least square regression, this study indicates that debt covenant and political cost motivations affect earnings management. However, bonus plan motivation and accounting method choice strategy do not affect earnings management. Investigation on earnings management practices explains that bonus plan motivation affect income increasing, not income decreasing. This study finds that the managers of public firms in Indonesia do not use accounting method choices as earnings management strategy. Some of them choose to use a little of accruals accounting flexibility and prefer both GAAP violations and intercompany transactions strategies. This study identifies that the motivations of debt covenant, political cost and owners' wealth as well as the strategy of accruals accounting flexibility are earnings management practices with global value. Otherwise, earnings management practices with local value consist of motivation caused by both debt restructuring and going concern constraint and strategy through GAAP violations and intercompany transactions. Key Words: Earnings management, Motivation, Bonus plan, Debtcovenant, Political cost, Owners' wealth, Debt restructuring, Going concern, Strategy, Accounting method choice, Accruals accounting flexibility, GAAP violations, Inter company transactions, Global value, Local value

This paper examines the factors that influence the intention to use FMIS in Indonesia's local governments, especially in East Java region. The study model used the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) that focuses on two specific salient beliefs-perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. However, this has not discouraged researchers from incorporating additional constructs to the original model in their quest for increased predictive power. Here, an attempt is made to explain local governments' intention to use FMIS. Besides perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, compatibility, external technical support, and management support are included in an extended TAM. The research data was obtained through questionnaires to 180 respondents of planning and financial managers at 9 local governments of the East Java region. The data analysis method used SEM-PLS with the SmartPLS 3.0 application. The results of this study showed that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are influenced by compatibility, external technical support, and management support. Compatibility also influenced intentions to use FMIS, and perceived ease of use influenced perceived usefulness. Intention to use FMIS was also affected by perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Lastly, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use did not create a mediating effect between external variables and intention to use FMIS. This study concludes that TAM and external variables affect interest in using FMIS.

The emergence of sustainable business practices has garnered interest among stakeholders. However, the question of whether sustainability performance provides companies with a competitive advantage is still being debated in the literature. This paper aims to examine the influence of sustainability performance – namely economic sustainability performance and environmental, social, governance (ESG) – on competitive advantage, with the effectiveness of enterprise risk management (ERM) as the moderating variable. This paper used 202 firm-year observations during 2015–2022 from non-financial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. To test the hypotheses, panel data regression with a one-year time-lag analysis is conducted. The findings show that economic sustainability performance has no relationship with competitive advantage, while ESG has a positive effect. Furthermore, ERM effectiveness strengthens the effect of economic sustainability and ESG on competitive advantage. Further investigation used a two-year time-lag analysis for a long-term perspective. The analysis shows that economic sustainability performance and ESG have a positive impact on competitive advantage. In contrast, ERM effectiveness has no effect on the relationship between economic sustainability performance and competitive advantage. Moreover, additional analysis incorporates the effect of COVID-19 into the main model and shows that the pandemic did not affect competitive advantage; this is consistent with the main results. The findings encourage companies to improve their risk management and sustainability initiatives. The government may also take it into account when developing rules that promote the implementation of sustainable development.
AcknowledgmentThis research was supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia through the Center for Higher Education Fund (BPPT) and Indonesia Endowment Funds for Education (LPDP) for providing the Indonesian Education Scholarship (BPI-Beasiswa Pendidikan Indonesia).