Suchergebnisse

There is no doubt that women play a vital role in all aspects of economic activities around the globe. However, despite the great efforts that governments have made over the past three decades to increase women's integration into the labor market, their participation is still relatively low compared to men. On the other hand, economic literature argues that the government can use fiscal policy tools such as tax revenue and spending to decrease gender inequality in the labor market. The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of government spending and tax revenue shocks on the female labor force participation rate (the share of women in the total labor force) in Egypt. Annual time-series data were collected from the Central Bank of Egypt and the World Bank from 1990 to 2021, where the vector autoregressive (VAR) model and impulse response functions have been used. The results suggest that government spending and tax revenue shocks increase gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate, female labor force participation, and inflation. Results validated the research hypotheses and showed that a one standard deviation shock to either government spending or tax revenue has a positive impact on female labor force participation. Therefore, the study recommends that using an expansionary fiscal policy may increase the accessibility of Egyptian women to the labor market.

Unemployment is one of the main challenges that the Egyptian economy faces. The purpose of this paper is to examine how the unemployment rate responds to fiscal policy shocks. The study used annual time series data for the period from 1976 to 2018 collected from the world bank and the international monetary fund. Based on Blanchard and Perotti approach, the study used a five-variables structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model with the impulse response function (IRF) tool. The main findings of this paper are that 1) At the earlier stages, a one standard deviation shock to the government spending decreases the unemployment rate until the period two, then it started to increase until reached to zero in period ten which means a positive shock to government spending has a negative impact unemployment rate. 2) At the earlier stages, a one standard deviation shock to the tax revenue temporarily decreases the unemployment rate, then it increases after the period two until it hits the zero level in the period six after that it became positive which means that in the long run, a positive shock to tax revenue has a positive impact on the unemployment rate. The study recommends the Egyptian government to run an expansionary budget to decrease the unemployment rate. © 2020, Economic Laboratory for Transition Research. All rights reserved. ; Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine [0120U102002, 0120U102001]; Ministry of education, science, research and sport of the Slovak Republic [VEGA 1/0689/20]

Abstract
Natural zeolite is organically modified with the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and employed as a dual-function material for simultaneous adsorption of Cs+ cations and HCrO4− anions from aqueous solutions. Unmodified and modified zeolites are characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that CTAB-zeolite had the efficiency to simultaneously adsorb the concerned species in the pH range 2.5–4.2. The kinetic data showed that 90 and 300 min for Cs(I) and Cr(VI), respectively, were sufficient to attain equilibrium and the data are well-fitted by the double-exponential kinetic model. Of the studied adsorption isotherm models, Redlich-Peterson was the best one for describing the equilibrium adsorption isotherms. Values of ∆H°, ∆S°, and ∆G° for the present adsorption processes are estimated. CTAB-zeolite exhibited adsorption capacities of 0.713 and 1.216 mmol/g for Cs(I) and Cr(VI), respectively, which are comparable with the data reported in the literature. The adsorption mechanism of the concerned (radio)toxicants is proposed.

Marketing approach rarely moves ahead without self-interest. This inculcates a strong link between customer orientation and strategies followed for public sector marking. In case of China, due to huge population, there seems a greater challenge to maintain quality services and public satisfaction. Taking into account the extensively developed railway network, we conducted a survey of customers utilizing train services in China with an aim to document train service effectiveness in relation to satisfaction and perceived customer orientation. The evaluation was based on questionnaire specifically prepared to analyze public sector marketing effects on shaping views of train customers who travel within China through railway network. Results enabled us to construct a model that clearly indicates speed, comfort, cleanliness and flexible train schedules have strong positive impact train users. Marketing focus on purchase of tickets such as online buying and information about train schedules inside stations has inspired huge population to prefer travelling through train than any other means. Our findings show that well planned customer orientation before public service marketing will create a customers need which can be set as political objective to enhance customer satisfaction by taking control of that need as in the case of China high speed train. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n3s1p155