Suchergebnisse

Die Bewertung des Zustands von Ökosystemen und das Monitoring von Indikatoren der Deutschen Anpassungsstrategie an den Klimawandel sind wichtige Aufgaben des Umweltbundesamtes. Dafür sind detaillierte Datengrundlagen, u. a. über das Vorkommen verschiedener Baumarten notwendig. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Machbarkeitsstudie wurden anhand repräsentativer Testgebiete die Möglichkeiten einer satellitenbasierten Erkennung von Baumarten untersucht. Die Studie hatte auch das Ziel, die Möglichkeiten einer bundesweiten Umsetzung zu bewerten. Im Fokus stand dabei die Nutzung entgeltfreier Daten des Europäischen Copernicus Programmes. Die Studie gibt einen Überblick über vorhandene Forstkarten unterschiedlicher Maßstäbe in Deutschland und Europa und erläutert vorhandene Ansätze zur Klassifikation von Baumarten mittels Satellitenfernerkundung. Dies beinhaltet einen Vergleich unterschiedlicher Satellitenbilddaten, Klassifizierungsalgorithmen, sowie Validierungsdaten. Anhand von fünf Fallstudien wurde untersucht, inwieweit sich die elf Hauptbaumarten erfolgreich aus den Satellitenbilddaten ableiten lassen. Die erzielten Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich eine bundesweite Baumartenklassifikation mit dem vorgestellten Ansatz erzielen lässt. Von großer Bedeutung sind jedoch die Anzahl zur Verfügung stehender wolkenfreier Satellitenszenen und das Vorhandensein von Referenz-daten zum Training der Klassifikationsalgorithmen und zur Validierung der Ergebnisse.

Global insurance markets are vast and diverse, and may offer many opportunities for remote sensing. To date, however, few operational applications of remote sensing for insurance exist. Papers claiming potential application of remote sensing typically stress the technical possibilities, without considering its contribution to customer value for the insured or to the profitability of the insurance industry. Based on a systematic search of available literature, this review investigates the potential and actual support of remote sensing to the insurance industry. The review reveals that research on remote sensing in classical claim-based insurance described in the literature revolve around crop damage and flood and fire risk assessment. Surprisingly, the use of remote sensing in claim-based insurance appears to be instigated by government rather than the insurance industry. In contrast, insurance companies are offering various index insurance products that are based on remote sensing. For example, remotely sensed index insurance for rangelands and livestock are operational, while various applications in crop index insurance are being considered or under development. The paper discusses these differences and concludes that there is particular scope for application of remote sensing by the insurance industry in index insurance because (1) indices can be constructed that correlate well with what is insured; (2) these indices can be delivered at low cost; and (3) it opens up new markets that are not served by claim-based insurance. The paper finally suggests that limited adoption of remote sensing in insurance results from a lack of mutual understanding and calls for greater cooperation between the insurance industry and the remote sensing community.

Global insurance markets are vast and diverse, and may offer many opportunities for remote sensing. To date, however, few operational applications of remote sensing for insurance exist. Papers claiming potential application of remote sensing typically stress the technical possibilities, without considering its contribution to customer value for the insured or to the profitability of the insurance industry. Based on a systematic search of available literature, this review investigates the potential and actual support of remote sensing to the insurance industry. The review reveals that research on remote sensing in classical claim-based insurance described in the literature revolve around crop damage and flood and fire risk assessment. Surprisingly, the use of remote sensing in claim-based insurance appears to be instigated by government rather than the insurance industry. In contrast, insurance companies are offering various index insurance products that are based on remote sensing. For example, remotely sensed index insurance for rangelands and livestock are operational, while various applications in crop index insurance are being considered or under development. The paper discusses these differences and concludes that there is particular scope for application of remote sensing by the insurance industry in index insurance because (1) indices can be constructed that correlate well with what is insured; (2) these indices can be delivered at low cost; and (3) it opens up new markets that are not served by claim-based insurance. The paper finally suggests that limited adoption of remote sensing in insurance results from a lack of mutual understanding and calls for greater cooperation between the insurance industry and the remote sensing community.