Suchergebnisse

International audience ; During the French Revolution, French astronomy was both contested by the Parisian mob, when Cassini was housted from the Observatoire, and courted by political power. The establishment of the Bureau des Longitudes, the expeditions for determining the length of the meter as well as the reliance of Napoleon on observatory techniques on the battlefield show that astronomy was quickly becoming an important auxiliary to the modern State. In the decades that followed, astronomical research was completely restructured by the State. At the same time, atheist narratives about the origins of the Solar system were first suggested and slowly gained credence. In this talk, I would like to use the case of Paris to explore ways in which we can understand the rise of the observatory sciences in the nineteenth century as a cosmopolitical project designed for displacing the basis of political authority from God to the people without falling into anarchy.

International audience ; During the French Revolution, French astronomy was both contested by the Parisian mob, when Cassini was housted from the Observatoire, and courted by political power. The establishment of the Bureau des Longitudes, the expeditions for determining the length of the meter as well as the reliance of Napoleon on observatory techniques on the battlefield show that astronomy was quickly becoming an important auxiliary to the modern State. In the decades that followed, astronomical research was completely restructured by the State. At the same time, atheist narratives about the origins of the Solar system were first suggested and slowly gained credence. In this talk, I would like to use the case of Paris to explore ways in which we can understand the rise of the observatory sciences in the nineteenth century as a cosmopolitical project designed for displacing the basis of political authority from God to the people without falling into anarchy.

International audience ; During the French Revolution, French astronomy was both contested by the Parisian mob, when Cassini was housted from the Observatoire, and courted by political power. The establishment of the Bureau des Longitudes, the expeditions for determining the length of the meter as well as the reliance of Napoleon on observatory techniques on the battlefield show that astronomy was quickly becoming an important auxiliary to the modern State. In the decades that followed, astronomical research was completely restructured by the State. At the same time, atheist narratives about the origins of the Solar system were first suggested and slowly gained credence. In this talk, I would like to use the case of Paris to explore ways in which we can understand the rise of the observatory sciences in the nineteenth century as a cosmopolitical project designed for displacing the basis of political authority from God to the people without falling into anarchy.

International audience ; During the French Revolution, French astronomy was both contested by the Parisian mob, when Cassini was housted from the Observatoire, and courted by political power. The establishment of the Bureau des Longitudes, the expeditions for determining the length of the meter as well as the reliance of Napoleon on observatory techniques on the battlefield show that astronomy was quickly becoming an important auxiliary to the modern State. In the decades that followed, astronomical research was completely restructured by the State. At the same time, atheist narratives about the origins of the Solar system were first suggested and slowly gained credence. In this talk, I would like to use the case of Paris to explore ways in which we can understand the rise of the observatory sciences in the nineteenth century as a cosmopolitical project designed for displacing the basis of political authority from God to the people without falling into anarchy.

In Interwar France, Henri Villat became the true leader of theoretical researches on fluid mechanics. Most of his original work was done before the First Word War; it was highly theoretical and its applicability was questioned. After having organized the first post-WWI International Congress of Mathematicians in 1920, Villat became the editor of the famous Journal de mathématiques pure et appliqués and the director of the influential book series "Mémorial des sciences mathématiques." From 1929 on, he held the fluid mechanics chair established by the Air Ministry at the Sorbonne in Paris and was heading the government's critical effort invested in fluid mechanics. However, while both his wake theory and his turbulence theory seemingly had little success outside France or in the aeronautical industry (except in the eyes of his students), applied mathematics was despised by the loud generation of Bourbaki mathematicians coming of age in the mid 1930s. How are we to understand the contrasted assessments one can make of Villat's place in the history of fluid mechanics?

This article examines the way in which mathematicians were led to contribute to ballistic studies in France during World War I. It pays special attention to the French Navy's G^avre Experiments Commission rst established in 1829, where university professor Jules Haag, military engineer Maurice Garnier and high school teacher Os ee Marcus jointly developed a new method for computing ballistic trajectories (the so{called GHM method). It highlights the di culties and successes encountered by mathematicians when they approached this military culture that already was mathematically sophisticated. It reviews brie y the history of ballistics at G^avre before the First World War to understand the bitter feeling among artillerymen serving on the front about the inadequacies of their ballistic tables. In a nal part, the technical contributions made by mathematicians, their experimental practices, and their e ort for dissiminating their results are examined. This paper focuses on the role of several tensions between civilians and military science, betwen theory and experiment, between front and rear, etc. for undertanding the value of mathematicians' contributions to the war e ort.

In Interwar France, Henri Villat became the true leader of theoretical researches on fluid mechanics. Most of his original work was done before the First Word War; it was highly theoretical and its applicability was questioned. After having organized the first post-WWI International Congress of Mathematicians in 1920, Villat became the editor of the famous Journal de mathématiques pure et appliqués and the director of the influential book series "Mémorial des sciences mathématiques." From 1929 on, he held the fluid mechanics chair established by the Air Ministry at the Sorbonne in Paris and was heading the government's critical effort invested in fluid mechanics. However, while both his wake theory and his turbulence theory seemingly had little success outside France or in the aeronautical industry (except in the eyes of his students), applied mathematics was despised by the loud generation of Bourbaki mathematicians coming of age in the mid 1930s. How are we to understand the contrasted assessments one can make of Villat's place in the history of fluid mechanics?

In Interwar France, Henri Villat became the true leader of theoretical researches on fluid mechanics. Most of his original work was done before the First Word War; it was highly theoretical and its applicability was questioned. After having organized the first post-WWI International Congress of Mathematicians in 1920, Villat became the editor of the famous Journal de mathématiques pure et appliqués and the director of the influential book series "Mémorial des sciences mathématiques." From 1929 on, he held the fluid mechanics chair established by the Air Ministry at the Sorbonne in Paris and was heading the government's critical effort invested in fluid mechanics. However, while both his wake theory and his turbulence theory seemingly had little success outside France or in the aeronautical industry (except in the eyes of his students), applied mathematics was despised by the loud generation of Bourbaki mathematicians coming of age in the mid 1930s. How are we to understand the contrasted assessments one can make of Villat's place in the history of fluid mechanics?

This article examines the way in which mathematicians were led to contribute to ballistic studies in France during World War I. It pays special attention to the French Navy's G^avre Experiments Commission rst established in 1829, where university professor Jules Haag, military engineer Maurice Garnier and high school teacher Os ee Marcus jointly developed a new method for computing ballistic trajectories (the so{called GHM method). It highlights the di culties and successes encountered by mathematicians when they approached this military culture that already was mathematically sophisticated. It reviews brie y the history of ballistics at G^avre before the First World War to understand the bitter feeling among artillerymen serving on the front about the inadequacies of their ballistic tables. In a nal part, the technical contributions made by mathematicians, their experimental practices, and their e ort for dissiminating their results are examined. This paper focuses on the role of several tensions between civilians and military science, betwen theory and experiment, between front and rear, etc. for undertanding the value of mathematicians' contributions to the war e ort.

In Interwar France, Henri Villat became the true leader of theoretical researches on fluid mechanics. Most of his original work was done before the First Word War; it was highly theoretical and its applicability was questioned. After having organized the first post-WWI International Congress of Mathematicians in 1920, Villat became the editor of the famous Journal de mathématiques pure et appliqués and the director of the influential book series "Mémorial des sciences mathématiques." From 1929 on, he held the fluid mechanics chair established by the Air Ministry at the Sorbonne in Paris and was heading the government's critical effort invested in fluid mechanics. However, while both his wake theory and his turbulence theory seemingly had little success outside France or in the aeronautical industry (except in the eyes of his students), applied mathematics was despised by the loud generation of Bourbaki mathematicians coming of age in the mid 1930s. How are we to understand the contrasted assessments one can make of Villat's place in the history of fluid mechanics?

This article examines the way in which mathematicians were led to contribute to ballistic studies in France during World War I. It pays special attention to the French Navy's G^avre Experiments Commission rst established in 1829, where university professor Jules Haag, military engineer Maurice Garnier and high school teacher Os ee Marcus jointly developed a new method for computing ballistic trajectories (the so{called GHM method). It highlights the di culties and successes encountered by mathematicians when they approached this military culture that already was mathematically sophisticated. It reviews brie y the history of ballistics at G^avre before the First World War to understand the bitter feeling among artillerymen serving on the front about the inadequacies of their ballistic tables. In a nal part, the technical contributions made by mathematicians, their experimental practices, and their e ort for dissiminating their results are examined. This paper focuses on the role of several tensions between civilians and military science, betwen theory and experiment, between front and rear, etc. for undertanding the value of mathematicians' contributions to the war e ort.