Suchergebnisse

Water quality assessment is a key factor in the environmental management of freshwater networks, especially those including fish farms, which need cost-effective operational tools to monitor and control their waste output. In France, current legislation specifies limits in concentrations of dissolved compounds and suspended solids at fish-farm outlets. Despite the development of mass-balance modelling tools, chemical analysis of water (hydrological method) remains the most widely used method. To understand better the environmental impact of trout farms on aquatic ecosystems and to compare waste assessment methods, we monitored 20 commercial flow-through trout farms for 24 h, and we compared data obtained with the two methods (hydrological method and mass balance modelling) by linear regression. For total nitrogen and total phosphorus, the correlation between the two methods was high; thus, considering the uncertainty of both methods, this study was not able to determine which was more accurate. The high correlation between observed ammonia concentrations and predicted total nitrogen emissions provides a coefficient for estimating ammonia emissions at the farm level. The same approach is proposed for the evaluation of phosphate emissions. In conclusion, this study confirms the utility of simulation modelling for assessing nutrient release from fish farms.

Le développement spectaculaire de l'aquaculture est aujourd'hui confronté au défi du développement durable. Une approche par les types d'éco-innovations est mobilisée ici à propos de nouvelles logiques de production, relevant de l'intensification écologique. L'objectif est de caractériser quelques-uns des facteurs déterminants des changements en faveur de l'intensification écologique dans le cas de l'aquaculture d'étang en France et au Brésil. La revue de la littérature nous a permis d'identifier trois profils d'éco-innovation : i) maîtrise des rejets et substitution des intrants ; ii) changements organisationnels et institutionnels des modes de production et iii) prise en compte des services écosystémiques. Ces profils ont été croisés avec la typologie des aquaculteurs d'étang élaborée à partir d'enquêtes en France (Brenne et Lorraine) et au Brésil (dans la Province de Santa Catarina dans la Haute Vallée de l'Itajai et à Chapeco). Les trois groupes identifiés caractérisent différents itinéraires d'appropriation des éco-innovations. Ces itinéraires sont fonction des apprentissages à la fois techniques, informationnels et organisationnels, mais aussi des pratiques initiales, du niveau d'information des exploitants et du contexte institutionnel.

Cet article étudie en quoi les enjeux d'intensification écologique impliquent une nouvelle approche de la notion d'innovation dans le cas des exploitations de pisciculture d'étang. Après une revue de la littérature sur les pratiques émergentes d'intensification écologique les auteurs proposent une représentation conceptuelle de cette notion par rapport aux différentes formes d'aquaculture et aux processus d'apprentissage que nécessite sa mise en place. La deuxième partie interroge les formes d'apprentissage par rapport à trois profils d'éco-aquaculteurs issus de la représentation précédente. Il s'agit d'identifier quelles sont les variables qui peuvent rendre compte de ces profils. En fonction de ces profils, la troisième partie propose une typologie des systèmes de piscicultures d'étang en France et au Brésil. Cette typologie rend compte des résultats d'enquêtes auprès des pisciculteurs dans quatre régions. Elle est réalisée à travers une analyse en correspondances multiples associée à une classification hiérarchique. Enfin la partie discussion met en perspective ces profils par rapport aux voies possibles et aux types de mesures d'accompagnement nécessaire pour la mise en oeuvre de l'intensification écologique dans le secteur de l'aquaculture.

L'article étudie les facteurs déterminants de l'appropriation du développement durable par le secteur aquacole breton en montrant la spécificité des apprentissages collectifs lorsqu'il s'agit de changer de référentiels et de normes. L'approche est territoriale car elle met l'accent sur les processus d'apprentissage emboités non seulement dans le temps mais aussi entre échelles. Elle est menée à partir d'une analyse réflexive de deux projets de rechercheaction portant sur la co?construction entre professionnels et chercheurs d'indicateurs d'aquaculture durable.

Les démarches de conception et d'évaluation de systèmes d'élevage innovants en régions chaudes doivent prendre en compte les spécificités de ces systèmes. Outre les caractéristiques des milieux, ces spécificités tiennent à l'importance des fonctions non productives des troupeaux et à la complexité des modes de gestion de l'accès aux ressources (mobilité notamment). Nous discutons les démarches de conception en utilisant les notions de cristallisation, de plasticité et de développement des systèmes innovants et présentons les bases de l'évaluation (environnementale, filière, technico-économique) et ses fonctions dans le processus de conception. Nous illustrons la conception réglée ou innovante appuyée sur de la modélisation à l'aide d'exemples aux Antilles (élevage caprin, polyculture-élevage, avec une composante biotechnique forte), à la Réunion (élevage laitier avec une démarche participative de construction du modèle avec les agriculteurs) et en Amazonie (composante décisionnelle incluant les équilibres et interaction entre activités d'élevage et culture - démarche participative avec les acteurs territoriaux). La diversité des cas souligne les enjeux de la conception et de l'évaluation : prise en compte de la diversité des systèmes dans leurs composantes techniques et humaines, participation des acteurs à la démarche, développements biotechniques et clarification des processus décisionnels, réflexion sur des indicateurs adaptés et pertinents pour les éleveurs et les territoires dans lesquels ils s'insèrent.

International audience ; The rapid development of aquaculture in the world has offered, depending on the species and territory, examples of "success stories" but has sometimes also led to social or environmental crises. The issue of food security in 2050 requires improving technology and practices while moving toward practices of "sustainable aquaculture". These changes promote territorial integration and need to be better recognized and mastered. The framework proposed by ecological intensification of agricultural systems offers an opportunity to redefine objectives for aquaculture by promoting ecological mechanisms to maintain or increase production in these systems. It thus consists of diversifying pathways to sustainable aquaculture and promoting the strengthening of ecological functions while considering sociological and governance constraints.Thus, the objective of this guide, the fruit of an interdisciplinary research project among French, Brazilian, and Indonesian partners, is to propose pathways for implementation of ecological intensification in aquatic ecosystems of aquaculture. To do so, it supplies (i) many potential objectives based on concepts of agro-ecology, ecosystem services, and processes for co-constructing eco-innovations; (ii) assessment tools (indicators); and (iii) examples of experiments in four types of contrasting aquaculture systems.This guide is addressed to a wide public: representatives of supply chains or aquaculture producers, representatives of territorial governments or administrations, and more generally, all members of NGOs or associations interested in development of aquaculture and/or setting up of integrated territorial projects, but also researchers and students as well as all actors wishing to implement ecological intensification, including outside the field of aquaculture.

International audience ; The rapid development of aquaculture in the world has offered, depending on the species and territory, examples of "success stories" but has sometimes also led to social or environmental crises. The issue of food security in 2050 requires improving technology and practices while moving toward practices of "sustainable aquaculture". These changes promote territorial integration and need to be better recognized and mastered. The framework proposed by ecological intensification of agricultural systems offers an opportunity to redefine objectives for aquaculture by promoting ecological mechanisms to maintain or increase production in these systems. It thus consists of diversifying pathways to sustainable aquaculture and promoting the strengthening of ecological functions while considering sociological and governance constraints.Thus, the objective of this guide, the fruit of an interdisciplinary research project among French, Brazilian, and Indonesian partners, is to propose pathways for implementation of ecological intensification in aquatic ecosystems of aquaculture. To do so, it supplies (i) many potential objectives based on concepts of agro-ecology, ecosystem services, and processes for co-constructing eco-innovations; (ii) assessment tools (indicators); and (iii) examples of experiments in four types of contrasting aquaculture systems.This guide is addressed to a wide public: representatives of supply chains or aquaculture producers, representatives of territorial governments or administrations, and more generally, all members of NGOs or associations interested in development of aquaculture and/or setting up of integrated territorial projects, but also researchers and students as well as all actors wishing to implement ecological intensification, including outside the field of aquaculture.

International audience ; The rapid development of aquaculture in the world has offered, depending on the species and territory, examples of "success stories" but has sometimes also led to social or environmental crises. The issue of food security in 2050 requires improving technology and practices while moving toward practices of "sustainable aquaculture". These changes promote territorial integration and need to be better recognized and mastered. The framework proposed by ecological intensification of agricultural systems offers an opportunity to redefine objectives for aquaculture by promoting ecological mechanisms to maintain or increase production in these systems. It thus consists of diversifying pathways to sustainable aquaculture and promoting the strengthening of ecological functions while considering sociological and governance constraints.Thus, the objective of this guide, the fruit of an interdisciplinary research project among French, Brazilian, and Indonesian partners, is to propose pathways for implementation of ecological intensification in aquatic ecosystems of aquaculture. To do so, it supplies (i) many potential objectives based on concepts of agro-ecology, ecosystem services, and processes for co-constructing eco-innovations; (ii) assessment tools (indicators); and (iii) examples of experiments in four types of contrasting aquaculture systems.This guide is addressed to a wide public: representatives of supply chains or aquaculture producers, representatives of territorial governments or administrations, and more generally, all members of NGOs or associations interested in development of aquaculture and/or setting up of integrated territorial projects, but also researchers and students as well as all actors wishing to implement ecological intensification, including outside the field of aquaculture.

International audience ; The rapid development of aquaculture in the world has offered, depending on the species and territory, examples of "success stories" but has sometimes also led to social or environmental crises. The issue of food security in 2050 requires improving technology and practices while moving toward practices of "sustainable aquaculture". These changes promote territorial integration and need to be better recognized and mastered. The framework proposed by ecological intensification of agricultural systems offers an opportunity to redefine objectives for aquaculture by promoting ecological mechanisms to maintain or increase production in these systems. It thus consists of diversifying pathways to sustainable aquaculture and promoting the strengthening of ecological functions while considering sociological and governance constraints.Thus, the objective of this guide, the fruit of an interdisciplinary research project among French, Brazilian, and Indonesian partners, is to propose pathways for implementation of ecological intensification in aquatic ecosystems of aquaculture. To do so, it supplies (i) many potential objectives based on concepts of agro-ecology, ecosystem services, and processes for co-constructing eco-innovations; (ii) assessment tools (indicators); and (iii) examples of experiments in four types of contrasting aquaculture systems.This guide is addressed to a wide public: representatives of supply chains or aquaculture producers, representatives of territorial governments or administrations, and more generally, all members of NGOs or associations interested in development of aquaculture and/or setting up of integrated territorial projects, but also researchers and students as well as all actors wishing to implement ecological intensification, including outside the field of aquaculture.

International audience ; The rapid development of aquaculture in the world has offered, depending on the species and territory, examples of "success stories" but has sometimes also led to social or environmental crises. The issue of food security in 2050 requires improving technology and practices while moving toward practices of "sustainable aquaculture". These changes promote territorial integration and need to be better recognized and mastered. The framework proposed by ecological intensification of agricultural systems offers an opportunity to redefine objectives for aquaculture by promoting ecological mechanisms to maintain or increase production in these systems. It thus consists of diversifying pathways to sustainable aquaculture and promoting the strengthening of ecological functions while considering sociological and governance constraints.Thus, the objective of this guide, the fruit of an interdisciplinary research project among French, Brazilian, and Indonesian partners, is to propose pathways for implementation of ecological intensification in aquatic ecosystems of aquaculture. To do so, it supplies (i) many potential objectives based on concepts of agro-ecology, ecosystem services, and processes for co-constructing eco-innovations; (ii) assessment tools (indicators); and (iii) examples of experiments in four types of contrasting aquaculture systems.This guide is addressed to a wide public: representatives of supply chains or aquaculture producers, representatives of territorial governments or administrations, and more generally, all members of NGOs or associations interested in development of aquaculture and/or setting up of integrated territorial projects, but also researchers and students as well as all actors wishing to implement ecological intensification, including outside the field of aquaculture.

International audience ; The rapid development of aquaculture in the world has offered, depending on the species and territory, examples of "success stories" but has sometimes also led to social or environmental crises. The issue of food security in 2050 requires improving technology and practices while moving toward practices of "sustainable aquaculture". These changes promote territorial integration and need to be better recognized and mastered. The framework proposed by ecological intensification of agricultural systems offers an opportunity to redefine objectives for aquaculture by promoting ecological mechanisms to maintain or increase production in these systems. It thus consists of diversifying pathways to sustainable aquaculture and promoting the strengthening of ecological functions while considering sociological and governance constraints.Thus, the objective of this guide, the fruit of an interdisciplinary research project among French, Brazilian, and Indonesian partners, is to propose pathways for implementation of ecological intensification in aquatic ecosystems of aquaculture. To do so, it supplies (i) many potential objectives based on concepts of agro-ecology, ecosystem services, and processes for co-constructing eco-innovations; (ii) assessment tools (indicators); and (iii) examples of experiments in four types of contrasting aquaculture systems.This guide is addressed to a wide public: representatives of supply chains or aquaculture producers, representatives of territorial governments or administrations, and more generally, all members of NGOs or associations interested in development of aquaculture and/or setting up of integrated territorial projects, but also researchers and students as well as all actors wishing to implement ecological intensification, including outside the field of aquaculture.

Initiatives for the sustainable development of aquaculture have so far focused on the production of codes of conduct, of best management practices, of standards etc., most of which have been developed by international organisations, the industrial sector and non governmental organisations. They were, to a large extent, produced using a "top down" process and inspired by models from intensive industrial shrimp and sea fish farming (mainly salmon). However, most of global aquaculture production comes from small- and medium-sized farms, essentially in Asia which contributes 92% of the total world aquaculture production volume. The objective of this article is to define the contours of systemic typologies that are able to express the sustainability conditions of aquaculture systems. The proposed approach builds on surveys of aquaculture systems which differ in terms of their biogeographical nature (temperate/tropical and north/south countries) or their farming techniques and their governance systems. This work is a prerequisite to any attempt at an individualised and comparative evaluation of specific aquaculture systems from either global or territorial viewpoints. In order to go beyond the cleavage of a typology based on the differentiation between developed and developing countries, three typologies were produced. These typologies allow for discriminatory variables to be identified such as for example the marketing methods or the pace of innovation: a structural typology, a functional typology and a systemic typology. Finally, the representations of aquaculture activity and of its sustainability that producers have of the 4 different types that emerge from the systemic typology were recorded and analyzed. ; Les initiatives de développement durable de l'aquaculture ont jusqu'à présent surtout consisté dans la production de codes de conduite, de guides de bonnes pratiques, de standards, etc., élaborés pour la plupart d'entre eux par des organisations internationales, le secteur industriel et des organisations non ...