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This article considers how marriages were utilized in early Ghaznavid history to forge political alliances, establish relationships of power and to bind together different royal family households. Marriage was employed as a diplomatic tool to ease political tensions and to strengthen coalitions. The Ghaznavid ruler Maḥmūd (r. 388–421/998–1030) utilized marriage alliances with great success to consolidate and expand his territories. In 391/1001, he forged a coalition with the Karakhanids through a marriage to the daughter of Naṣr b. ʿAlī (d. 403/1012–3). In 406/1015–16, Maḥmūd married his own sister Ḥurra Kāljī to the Khwarazmshah al-Maʾmūn II (r. 399–407/1009–17). This paper attempts to answer unstudied questions concerning the role of marriage and the influence of female royal family members in the construction of imperial polities of the medieval period in Central Asia, Iran, and Afghanistan. It shows that the effective creation of strategic marriage alliances was a key factor in the success of the early Ghaznavid empire.

This article connects the Delhi Sultanate historian Ẓiyāʾ al-Dīn Baranī (ca. 684–758/1285–1357) and his thinking on the knowledge of history (ʿilm-i tārīkh) to the broader intellectual milieu developing across South Asia and the Middle East during the seventh/thirteenth and eighth/fourteenth centuries. It situates his contributions within intense debates to define knowledge and the various fields of knowledge traditionally divided between the al-ʿulūm al-naqliyya, the 'transmitted fields of knowledge,' and the al-ʿulūm al-ʿaqliyya, the 'rational fields of knowledge'. Here Baranī is shown to classify historiography within the al-ʿulūm al-naqliyya and to defend history writing against its critics. Understanding his efforts to integrate historiography within the transmitted fields of knowledge sheds new light on the intellectual history of Islamic South Asia and wider debates about the knowledge of history in the Middle East.

The volume analyses the encounter between Buddhist and Muslim communities in South and Central Asia during the medieval period. The articles by historians, epigraphists, philologists, art historians and archaeologists provoke a fresh look at relevant sources, focusing on the areas: deconstructing scholarship on Buddhist/Muslim interactions, cultural and religious exchanges, perceptions of the other, transmission of knowledge, trade and economics.

Curry, John J.; Ohlander, Erik S.: Introduction. - S. 1-14 Part I: Historiography Auer, Blain H.: Intersections between Sufism and power : narrating the shaykhs and sultans of northern India, 1200--1400. - S. 17-33 Ohlander, Erik S.: Mecca real and imagined : texts, transregional networks and the curious case of Baha' al-Din Zakariyya of Multan. - S. 34-49 Foley, Sean: Hagiography, court records, and early modern Sufi brotherhoods : shaykh Khalid and social movement theory. - S. 50-67 Part II: Landscapes Anjum, Ovamir: Mystical authority and governmentality in medieval Islam. - S. 71-93 Yurekli, Zeynep: Writing down the feats and setting up the scene : hagiographers and architectural patrons in the age of empires. - S. 94-119 Bokhari, Afshan: Between patron and piety : Jahan Ara Begam's Sufi affiliations and articulations in seventeenth-century Mughal India. - S. 120-142 Part III: Praxis Ingalls, Matthew B.: Between center and periphery : the development of the Sufi fatwa in late-medieval Egypt. - S. 145-163 Yildirim, Riza: Inventing a Sufi tradition : the use of the Futuwwa ritual gathering as a model for the Qizilbash "Djem". - S. 164-182 Ambrosio, Alberto Fabio: Isma'il Rusuhi Ankaravi : an early Mevlevi intervention into the emerging Kadizadeli-Sufi conflict". - S. 183-198 Part IV: Negotiations Emre, Side: Banishment, persecution and incarceration : Ibrahim-i Gulseni's years as a subversive force during the final years of the Mamluk sultanate, ca. 1507-1517. - S. 201-222 Curry, John J.: "The Meeting of the Two Sultans" : three Sufi mystics negotiate with the court of Murad III. - S. 223-242 Niyazioglu, Shaykhs Asli: In the dream realm of a sixteenth-century Ottoman biographer : Taskoprizade and the Sufi shaykhs. - S. 243-257

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- List of Figures and Tables -- Acknowledgements -- Notes on Contributors -- 1. Introduction: Comparative Perspectives on Islamisation -- Part I Conversion and Islamisation: Theoretical Approaches -- 2. Global Patterns of Ruler Conversion to Islam and the Logic of Empirical Religiosity -- 3. Conversion out of Personal Principle: ʿAli b. Rabban al-Tabari (d. c. 860) and ʿAbdallah al-Tarjuman (d. c. 1430), Two Converts from Christianity to Islam -- 4. The Conversion Curve Revisited -- Part II The Early Islamic and Medieval Middle East -- 5. What Did Conversion to Islam Mean in Seventh-Century Arabia? -- 6. Zoroastrian Fire Temples and the Islamisation of Sacred Space in Early Islamic Iran -- 7. 'There Is No God But God': Islamisation and Religious Code-Switching, Eighth to Tenth Centuries -- 8. Islamisation in Medieval Anatolia -- 9. Islamisation in the Southern Levant after the End of Frankish Rule: Some General Considerations and a Short Case Study -- Part III The Muslim West -- 10. Conversion of the Berbers to Islam/Islamisation of the Berbers -- 11. The Islamisation of al-Andalus: Recent Studies and Debates -- Part IV Sub-Saharan Africa -- 12. The Oromo and the Historical Process of Islamisation in Ethiopia -- 13. The Archaeology of Islamisation in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Part V The Balkans -- 14. The Islamisation of Ottoman Bosnia: Myths and Matters -- 15. From Shahāda to 'Aqīda: Conversion to Islam, Catechisation and Sunnitisation in Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Rumeli -- Part VI Central Asia -- 16. Islamisation on the Iranian Periphery: Nasir-i Khusraw and Ismailism in Badakhshan -- 17. Khwaja Ahmad Yasavi as an Islamising Saint: Rethinking the Role of Sufi s in the Islamisation of the Turks of Central Asia -- 18. The Role of the Domestic Sphere in the Islamisation of the Mongols -- Part VII South Asia -- 19. Reconsidering 'Conversion to Islam' in Indian History -- 20. Civilising the Savage: Myth, History and Persianisation in the Early Delhi Courts of South Asia -- Part VIII Southeast Asia and the Far East -- 21. China and the Rise of Islam on Java -- 22. The Story of Yusuf and Indonesia's Islamisation: A Work of Literature Plus -- 23. Persian Kings, Arab Conquerors and Malay Islam: Comparative Perspectives on the Place of Muslim Epics in the Islamisation of the Chams -- 24. Islamisation and Sinicisation: Inversions, Reversions and Alternate Versions of Islam in China -- Index