Suchergebnisse

Der Verfasser macht den engen Zusammenhang zwischen der allgemeinen Erfahrung einer Bürgerbeteiligung bei Stadtplanungs- und Entscheidungsfindungsprozessen als Resultat der Konferenz von Porto Alegre einerseits und dem Reformschulprojekt 'escola cidada' (Bürgerschule) andererseits deutlich. 'Escola cidada' zielt nicht nur auf die demokratische Partizipation von Studenten und Lehrern an Planung und Organisation des Schulalltags, sondern auch auf eine neue Art der Bildung, orientiert auf Emanzipation, gemeinsames Arbeiten, Respektierung von Unterschieden, Solidarität, Wissen als historische Erfahrung und umfassende Bürgerrechte als Grundlage für die Gestaltung aller sozialen Beziehungen. All dies steht in deutlichem Kontrast zur 'mercoescola', zur Schule des Marktes, die von verschiedenen lateinamerikanischen Regierungen zur Erfüllung der sogenannten Anforderungen der Globalisierung betrieben wird. (ICEÜbers)

Companies in the energy sector are usually specialized in certain types of activities, such as prospecting, transport, refinement, etc. Petrobras, on the other hand, has worked tirelessly to establish itself as an energy company devoted to the transition to sustainable energy resources. According to the author of this article, the President & General Director of Petrobras, the production of ethanol is not just the production of fuel; it is also production of improved quality of life. W. A. Butler

Background Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16–30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50–0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54–0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11 827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long-term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services.