Suchergebnisse

This study has for object an exploration of the process of independence and nation building in Paraguay, which took place between 1811 and 1840 under the auspices of Dr. José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia. The case of Paraguay is singular in many regards. Beginning in 1811, this province of the Spanish Empire embarked upon a process of independence from both Madrid and Buenos Aires, the capital of the viceroyalty of Río de la Plata. In 1813, the Republic was proclaimed, and, from 1814 until his death, Dr. Francia, after having been elected as dictator, singlehandedly governed the country. These choices were both rapid, and definitive, and give rise to many questions. Dr. Francia was able to implement certain underlying aspirations. These aspirations had their roots in the preceding colonial period, which was characterized by its linguistic, demographic, political, andhistorical differences and by its isolation, abandonment, poverty, and the oppression under which it suffered. The originality of Dr. Francia's contribution had to do with the fact that he not only conveyed a clearly defined political project which responded to the problems of the past, but also that he proposed innovative means by which he could bring his projects to fruition. He relied fundamentally on discourse in order to arrive at his ends. This discourse was disseminated across multiple channels; furthermore, his various communications encountered no competition, this too contributed to their success. This continuing discourse revolved around the ideas of memory and liberty, as well as promoting the value of republican institutions and the concept of patriotism. Additionally, Dr. Francia used the figure of the foreigner under any guise as the basis for the negative side of his nationalist rhetoric. By portraying the foreigner as a menacing "other", Francia was able to consolidate the identity defining the particularities of a new "us" group, Paraguayans who, henceforth, belonged to an independent republic. ; Ce travail interroge le processus d'indépendance et de construction de la nation au Paraguay, réalisé principalement sous l'égide du Dr. José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia entre 1811 et 1840. Le cas paraguayen présente de nombreuses singularités. Dès 1811, cette province de l'empire espagnol choisit sans hésitation la voie de l'indépendance vis-à-vis de Madrid comme de Buenos Aires, la capitale de la vice-royauté du Río de la Plata dont elle dépend. En 1813, la république est proclamée et, de 1814 jusqu'à sa mort en 1840, le Dr. Francia dirige seul le pays après en avoir été élu dictateur. Ces choix si rapides et définitifs, surtout comparés à la situation que vivent d'autres régions de l'empire au même moment, posent question. Le Dr. Francia se fait l'interprète d'aspirations qui prennent leurs racines dans la période coloniale qui précède et qui se caractérisepar ses particularismes linguistique, démographique, politique et historique, et l'isolation, l'abandon, la pauvreté et l'oppression dont elle souffre. L'originalité de la contribution du Dr. Francia tient au fait qu'il est porteur d'un projet politique clair qui répond à ce passé et, également, aux moyens dont il use pour le mener à bien. Il s'appuie essentiellement sur son discours pour y parvenir. Ce discours repose sur de multiples modes de diffusions, il opère également sans concurrence, ce qui contribue grandement à son efficacité. D'une part, il s'articule autour des notions de mémoire, de liberté et de valorisation des institutions républicaines et des concepts de patrie et patriotisme. D'autre part, le Dr. Francia fait de la figure de l'étranger, sous toutes sesformes, la pierre angulaire et le versant négatif de sa rhétorique nationaliste. En dépeignant l'étranger sous les traits menaçants de « l'autre », le Dr. Francia consolide l'identité et les particularismes d'un nouveau groupe « nous », que constituent désormais les Paraguayens de république indépendante.

This study has for object an exploration of the process of independence and nation building in Paraguay, which took place between 1811 and 1840 under the auspices of Dr. José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia. The case of Paraguay is singular in many regards. Beginning in 1811, this province of the Spanish Empire embarked upon a process of independence from both Madrid and Buenos Aires, the capital of the viceroyalty of Río de la Plata. In 1813, the Republic was proclaimed, and, from 1814 until his death, Dr. Francia, after having been elected as dictator, singlehandedly governed the country. These choices were both rapid, and definitive, and give rise to many questions. Dr. Francia was able to implement certain underlying aspirations. These aspirations had their roots in the preceding colonial period, which was characterized by its linguistic, demographic, political, andhistorical differences and by its isolation, abandonment, poverty, and the oppression under which it suffered. The originality of Dr. Francia's contribution had to do with the fact that he not only conveyed a clearly defined political project which responded to the problems of the past, but also that he proposed innovative means by which he could bring his projects to fruition. He relied fundamentally on discourse in order to arrive at his ends. This discourse was disseminated across multiple channels; furthermore, his various communications encountered no competition, this too contributed to their success. This continuing discourse revolved around the ideas of memory and liberty, as well as promoting the value of republican institutions and the concept of patriotism. Additionally, Dr. Francia used the figure of the foreigner under any guise as the basis for the negative side of his nationalist rhetoric. By portraying the foreigner as a menacing "other", Francia was able to consolidate the identity defining the particularities of a new "us" group, Paraguayans who, henceforth, belonged to an independent republic. ; Ce travail interroge le processus ...

This study has for object an exploration of the process of independence and nation building in Paraguay, which took place between 1811 and 1840 under the auspices of Dr. José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia. The case of Paraguay is singular in many regards. Beginning in 1811, this province of the Spanish Empire embarked upon a process of independence from both Madrid and Buenos Aires, the capital of the viceroyalty of Río de la Plata. In 1813, the Republic was proclaimed, and, from 1814 until his death, Dr. Francia, after having been elected as dictator, singlehandedly governed the country. These choices were both rapid, and definitive, and give rise to many questions. Dr. Francia was able to implement certain underlying aspirations. These aspirations had their roots in the preceding colonial period, which was characterized by its linguistic, demographic, political, andhistorical differences and by its isolation, abandonment, poverty, and the oppression under which it suffered. The originality of Dr. Francia's contribution had to do with the fact that he not only conveyed a clearly defined political project which responded to the problems of the past, but also that he proposed innovative means by which he could bring his projects to fruition. He relied fundamentally on discourse in order to arrive at his ends. This discourse was disseminated across multiple channels; furthermore, his various communications encountered no competition, this too contributed to their success. This continuing discourse revolved around the ideas of memory and liberty, as well as promoting the value of republican institutions and the concept of patriotism. Additionally, Dr. Francia used the figure of the foreigner under any guise as the basis for the negative side of his nationalist rhetoric. By portraying the foreigner as a menacing "other", Francia was able to consolidate the identity defining the particularities of a new "us" group, Paraguayans who, henceforth, belonged to an independent republic. ; Ce travail interroge le processus d'indépendance et de construction de la nation au Paraguay, réalisé principalement sous l'égide du Dr. José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia entre 1811 et 1840. Le cas paraguayen présente de nombreuses singularités. Dès 1811, cette province de l'empire espagnol choisit sans hésitation la voie de l'indépendance vis-à-vis de Madrid comme de Buenos Aires, la capitale de la vice-royauté du Río de la Plata dont elle dépend. En 1813, la république est proclamée et, de 1814 jusqu'à sa mort en 1840, le Dr. Francia dirige seul le pays après en avoir été élu dictateur. Ces choix si rapides et définitifs, surtout comparés à la situation que vivent d'autres régions de l'empire au même moment, posent question. Le Dr. Francia se fait l'interprète d'aspirations qui prennent leurs racines dans la période coloniale qui précède et qui se caractérisepar ses particularismes linguistique, démographique, politique et historique, et l'isolation, l'abandon, la pauvreté et l'oppression dont elle souffre. L'originalité de la contribution du Dr. Francia tient au fait qu'il est porteur d'un projet politique clair qui répond à ce passé et, également, aux moyens dont il use pour le mener à bien. Il s'appuie essentiellement sur son discours pour y parvenir. Ce discours repose sur de multiples modes de diffusions, il opère également sans concurrence, ce qui contribue grandement à son efficacité. D'une part, il s'articule autour des notions de mémoire, de liberté et de valorisation des institutions républicaines et des concepts de patrie et patriotisme. D'autre part, le Dr. Francia fait de la figure de l'étranger, sous toutes sesformes, la pierre angulaire et le versant négatif de sa rhétorique nationaliste. En dépeignant l'étranger sous les traits menaçants de « l'autre », le Dr. Francia consolide l'identité et les particularismes d'un nouveau groupe « nous », que constituent désormais les Paraguayens de république indépendante.