Suchergebnisse

This paper explores the conditions under which the changes leading to the Great Transformation of food systems called upon by a growing number of international experts and development agencies, will (or not) happen. After discussing the meanings of 'transformation' in the specific context of food systems, we draw on different elements of political economy to show how various self-reinforcing dynamics are contributing to lock food systems in their current unsustainable trajectories. Those include the concentration of economic and market power in the hands of the Big Food transnational corporations but also other actors' ideology, policy incoherence, national interests or culturally-embedded aspirations, which together create irreconcilable trade-offs and tensions between divergent individual and societal objectives and prevent the system from aligning toward a more sustainable trajectory. In this context, while innovation is often presented as a 'game-changer', we show how the current profit-driven nature of its evolutionary selection creates a random, adirectional, process incapable of steering food systems towards sustainability. We argue that unless those different issues are tackled all together in a resolutely normative, global, and prescriptive manner in which science would have a new role to play, there are serious risks that the Great Transformation will not happen. Based on these analyses, we identify pathways to move the systems past its current locks-in and steer it toward its long-awaited sustainable transformation. In doing so we demonstrate that what is needed is not just a transformation of the food systems themselves, but a transformation of the governance of those food systems as well.

The objective of this review is to explore and discuss the concept of local food system resilience in light of the disruptions brought to those systems by the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. The discussion, which focuses on low and middle income countries, considers also the other shocks and stressors that generally affect local food systems and their actors in those countries (weather-related, economic, political or social disturbances). The review of existing (mainly grey or media-based) accounts on COVID-19 suggests that, with the exception of those who lost members of their family to the virus, as per June 2020 the main impact of the pandemic derives mainly from the lockdown and mobility restrictions imposed by national/local governments, and the consequence that the subsequent loss of income and purchasing power has on people's food security, in particular the poor. The paper then uses the most prominent advances made recently in the literature on household resilience in the context of food security and humanitarian crises to identify a series of lessons that can be used to improve our understanding of food system resilience and its link to food security in the context of the COVID-19 crisis and other shocks. Those lessons include principles about the measurement of food system resilience and suggestions about the types of interventions that could potentially strengthen the abilities of actors (including policy makers) to respond more appropriately to adverse events affecting food systems in the future.

The objective of this review is to explore and discuss the concept of local food system resilience in light of the disruptions brought to those systems by the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. The discussion, which focuses on low and middle income countries, considers also the other shocks and stressors that generally affect local food systems and their actors in those countries (weather-related, economic, political or social disturbances). The review of existing (mainly grey or media-based) accounts on COVID-19 suggests that, with the exception of those who lost members of their family to the virus, as per June 2020 the main impact of the pandemic derives mainly from the lockdown and mobility restrictions imposed by national/local governments, and the consequence that the subsequent loss of income and purchasing power has on people's food security, in particular the poor. The paper then uses the most prominent advances made recently in the literature on household resilience in the context of food security and humanitarian crises to identify a series of lessons that can be used to improve our understanding of food system resilience and its link to food security in the context of the COVID-19 crisis and other shocks. Those lessons include principles about the measurement of food system resilience and suggestions about the types of interventions that could potentially strengthen the abilities of actors (including policy makers) to respond more appropriately to adverse events affecting food systems in the future. ; Peer Review

Intro -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Resilience, Food Security and Food Systems: Setting the Scene -- Preamble: What This Book is About -- Clarifying the Concepts -- Food Security -- Resilience -- Food Systems -- Linking Resilience, Food Security and Food Systems-Some Initial Remarks -- Food Security, Shocks and Resilience… -- Food Security, Resilience and Food Systems -- Outline of the Volume -- Part I: From Concepts to Policy and Narratives -- Part II. Specific Issues and Empirical Analyses -- Concluding Chapter -- References -- 2 Achieving Food Security Through a Food Systems Lens -- Introduction -- The Evolution of Food Security and Its Framing -- Achieving Food Security Has Become More Complex in the Modern World -- Food Systems Lens to Tackling Food Security -- Functional Food Systems Do Not Always Equate to Food Security -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 The Global Food System is Not Broken but Its Resilience is Threatened -- Introduction -- The Global Food System is Resilient in Terms of Food Supply -- Many Reasons Why the Global Food System Needs a Profound Transformation -- How to Move Towards such a Transformation? -- Reticence and Obstacles Despite Alerts -- The Engagement of Science to Help Moving Beyond Obstacles -- Two Avenues to Illustrate the Journey From Obstacles to Transformation -- Impacting at Scale Through "Cross Scales Contamination" -- Generating a New Action Regime to Ensure the Convergence Between the Production of Private and Public Goods -- Conclusion -- References -- 4 Food Security and the Fractured Consensus on Food Resilience: An Analysis of Development Agency Narratives -- Introduction: Clarifying the Policy Language -- Aims, Methods and Approach -- Findings: 'Fractured Consensus' in What the Agencies Say They Mean.

Chapter 1. Resilience, food security and food systems: Setting the scene. Christophe Béné and Stephen Devereux -- Chapter 2. Achieving food security through a food systems lens. Jessica Fanzo -- Chapter 3. The global food system is not broken but its resilience is threatened. Patrick Caron, Ellie Daguet and Sandrine Dury -- Chapter 4. Food security and the fractured consensus on food resilience: an analysis of development agency narratives. Karl-Axel Lindgren and Tim Lang -- Chapter 5. Food security and resilience: The potential for coherence and the reality of fragmented applications in policy and research. Mark A. Constas -- Chapter 6. Food security under a changing climate: Exploring the integration of resilience in research and practice. Alessandro De Pinto, Md Mofakkarul Islam, Pamela Katic -- Chapter 7. Gender, resilience, and food systems. Elizabeth Bryan, Claudia Ringler, and Ruth Meinzen-Dick -- Chapter 8. Food systems, resilience, and their implications for public action. John Hoddinott -- Chapter 9. COVID-19, household resilience, and rural food systems: Evidence from southern and eastern Africa. Joanna Upton, Elizabeth Tennant, Kathryn J. Fiorella and Christopher B. Barrett -- Chapter 10. Place-based approaches to food system resilience: Emerging trends and lessons from South Africa. Bruno Losch and Julian May -- Chapter 11. Urban food security and resilience. Gareth Haysom and Jane Battersby -- Chapter 12. Reflections and conclusions. Stephen Devereux and Christophe Béné.

This open access book compiles a series of chapters written by internationally recognized experts known for their in-depth but critical views on questions of resilience and food security. The book assesses rigorously and critically the contribution of the concept of resilience in advancing our understanding and ability to design and implement development interventions in relation to food security and humanitarian crises. For this, the book departs from the narrow beaten tracks of agriculture and trade, which have influenced the mainstream debate on food security for nearly 60 years, and adopts instead a wider, more holistic perspective, framed around food systems. The foundation for this new approach is the recognition that in the current post-globalization era, the food and nutritional security of the world's population no longer depends just on the performance of agriculture and policies on trade, but rather on the capacity of the entire (food) system to produce, process, transport and distribute safe, affordable and nutritious food for all, in ways that remain environmentally sustainable. In that context, adopting a food system perspective provides a more appropriate frame as it incites to broaden the conventional thinking and to acknowledge the systemic nature of the different processes and actors involved. This book is written for a large audience, from academics to policymakers, students to practitioners. This is an open access book.

The book offers a new perspective on the problem of poverty in small-scale fisheries, introducing innovative concepts and ideas and drawing upon recent knowledge generated by in-depth empirical case studies and makes explicit connections with the Sustainable Livelihood Approach and the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries - two prominent frameworks which are recognized, applied and promoted internationally by scholars, practitioners and donor agencies in their work on fisheries development. As well as offering important insights into the problem of poverty in small-scale fisheries and representing a contribution to the work of the `Sustainable Fisheries Livelihood Programme (SFLP)' in West Africa the book also represents a key source of up-to-date information and reference material for anybody interested or working in the fields of poverty and fisheries management in Developing Countries

Using a new framework combining vulnerability and exclusion as two central dimensions of poverty, this article revisits some of the long-standing beliefs about poverty in small-scale fisheries. We argue that the issue of poverty in fish-dependent communities cannot be reduced to a simple correlation between income poverty and fishery dependence. A more thorough analysis is required that must account for the diversity of fishing-related livelihoods and the complexity of causes of poverty, both inside and outside the sector. The article highlights how poverty in fishing communities often relates to a wide range of socio-institutional factors other than income, including landownership, debt, access to health, education and financial capital, and marginalisation from political decision making. The empirical examples used in this article refer to inland capture fisheries from the Volta and Mekong basins but, arguably, the analysis applies to other fisheries (inland and coastal) in developing countries.