Suchergebnisse

Der vorliegende Beitrag skizziert die Entwicklungen von Evaluationsverfahren in der Forschungs- und Innovationspolitik. Nach einer kurzen Darstellung der Rahmenbedingungen staatlicher Forschungs- und Technologieförderung in Deutschland (Abschnitt 2) erfolgt eine Übersicht der wichtigsten Konzepte, Anwendungsbereiche und Methoden evaluativer Verfahren in diesem Politikfeld (Abschnitt 3), sodann (Abschnitt 4) eine Skizze des anhaltenden strukturellen Wandels in Forschung und Innovation sowie (Abschnitt 5) eine Diskussion seiner Konsequenzen für die Verwendung von Evaluationsverfahren im Prozess politischer Entscheidungsfindung; die Ausführungen werden jeweils durch aktuelle Fallbeispiele illustriert. Ein Ausblick schließt den Beitrag (Abschnitt 6).

AbstractThrough exploring the links between policy, evaluation, and gender, using a gender-transformative lens, this article sheds light on policy and evaluation processes of gender equality programmes, such as the political nature of evaluation and power configurations, involving resistance in the change process. Two case studies of gender equality programmes are visited to explore the links between gender policy implementation in specific contexts, and power configurations and resistance as key factors in both implementation and evaluation. We benefitted from the theoretical insights of both the feminist and the theory of change approaches, which helped us to bridge the boundaries between policy, gender scholarship, and evaluation and allowed us to reflect upon systemic factors and underlying mechanisms that are either facilitating or hindering transformation. This article highlights the benefits of applying such an evaluation framework and demonstrates why factoring in power and resistance to evaluations of gender equality programmes is necessary to explain successes or failures.

Inhalt: I. Einführung (Bührer, Susanne/Schraudner, Martina). - 2. Schraudner, Martina: Beispiele für Gender- und Diversity-Aspekte. - II. Entwicklung eines Leitfadens zur Ermittlung von Gender-Aspekten und Anwendung auf Fallbeispiele (1. Entwicklung eines Gender-Leitfadens. - 2. Anwendung auf Fallbeispiele. - 2.1 Forschungsgebiet Energie und Umwelt. - 2.2 Forschungsgebiet Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik. - 2.3 Forschungsgebiet Life Sciences. - 2.4 Forschungsgebiet Produktionstechnik und Arbeitsorganisation. - 2.5 Forschungsgebiet Transport und Verkehr). - III. Gendersensible Sprache und Forschungsmethoden (HoF/Text übernommen)

The topic of impact is high on the agenda of national and European research policy. Research and innovation funders, as well as research organizations and individual researchers are increasingly asking themselves what contribution science and innovation can or should make to politics, society, culture and the economy (Wilsdon et al. 2015, Reale et al. 2015, Bornmann 2013, Bloch et al. 2014, Spaapen & van Drooge 2011, Joly et al. 2015, Martin & Tang 2007). Whereas the analysis of scientific, technological and economic impacts has a long tradition including dedicated (academic and practitioner) communities and metrics, the field of social and environmental impact studies is comparatively new and needs further work on a common understanding of main concepts and indicators. Given the multitude of challenges of impact analyses, this policy brief presents current reflections about which kinds of impacts play the most important role in recent evaluation studies and what methodological and conceptual approaches exist that are used to capture impacts. Of particular interest is the question of the social impacts[1] of research and innovation that gained attention in view of the debate on the role of research and innovation in achieving social goals and solving global challenges. In addition, the researchers analyze studies that investigate environmental impacts as this kind of studies gained importance due to a stronger orientation of research and innovation policy towards broader missions and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Evaluation cultures and evaluation capacity building vary greatly across the European Union. Western European countries, such as Austria, Germany, Denmark and Sweden, have been termed as leading countries in the evaluation as they have built up well-established evaluation cultures and carry out systematic evaluations of programmes and institutions. In contrast, in Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, efforts continue to establish evaluation practices and further develop the current evaluation culture. In Hungary, for example, an established research and innovation evaluation practice does not exist, not one specifically considering gender equality in research and innovation evaluations with the exception of research and innovation programmes financed by the EU Structural Funds. Based on the results of a Horizon 2020 project, we apply a context-sensitive evaluation concept in Hungary that enables program owners and evaluators to develop a tailor-made design and impact model for their planned or ongoing gender equality interventions. The development of this evaluation was based on a thorough analysis of the literature and 19 case studies, building on documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews. The article shows that this evaluation approach is applicable also in countries with a certain catch-up demand of the existing overall evaluation culture. The special feature of the presented evaluation approach is, on the one hand, that the evaluation is context-sensitive. On the other hand, this approach makes it possible not only to depict effects on gender equality itself, but also to anticipate effects on research and innovation. Such effects can, for example, be a stronger orientation of research towards societal needs, which makes it particularly interesting for private companies.

Der Innovationsindikator 2012 der Deutsche Telekom Stiftung und des Bundesverbands der Deutschen Industrie bewertet den aktuellen Stand der Innovationsleistung Deutschlands im Vergleich mit den wichtigsten Wettbewerbern auf den internationalen Märkten. Er fasst alle wesentlichen Faktoren in den Bereichen Bildung, Wissenschaft, Wirtschaft, Politik und Gesellschaft zusammen, die die Innovationsfähigkeit einer Volkswirtschaft bestimmen. Das Länderranking zeigt, wie gut oder schlecht einzelne Länder für die künftigen wirtschaftlichen Herausforderungen gerüstet sind und wo Handlungsbedarf besteht.