Suchergebnisse

Much has been written about the development and application of quantitative methods for estimating under uncertainty the long‐term radiological performance of underground disposal of radioactive wastes. Until recently, interest has been focused almost entirely on the technical challenges regardless of the role of the organization responsible for these analyses. Now the dialogue between regulators, the repository developer or operator, and other interested parties in the decision‐making process receives increasing attention, especially in view of some current difficulties in obtaining approvals to construct or operate deep facilities for intermediate or high‐level wastes. Consequently, it is timely to consider the options for regulators'review and evaluation of safety submissions, at the various stages in the site selection to repository closure process, and to consider, especially, the role for performance assessment (PA) within the programs of a regulator both before and after delivery of such a submission. The origins and broad character of present regulations in the European Union (EU) and in the OECD countries are outlined and some regulatory PA reviewed. The issues raised are discussed, especially in regard to the interpretation of regulations, the dangers from the desire for simplicity in argument, the use of regulatory PA to review and challenge the PA in the safety case, and the effects of the relationship between proponent and regulator. Finally, a very limited analysis of the role of PA in public hearings is outlined and recommendations are made, together with proposals for improving the mechanisms for international collaboration on technical issues of regulatory concern.

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the origins and development of a simple, low‐cost, low‐flow stream gauging station to meet the operational requirements of a major water resource management system. The utilitarian design uses standardized, prefabricated components in order to achieve maximum economy and ease of construction without sacrificing durability or hydrometric accuracy.

ABSTRACTIn response to the requirement of the Tweed River Purification Board for a higher standard of effluent, improvements have been carried out to the activated‐sludge aeration systems at Hawick and Jed‐burgh sewage‐treatment works.This paper describes the electrical and mechanical refurbishment involved, and the performance of the completed systems. Process control was considered to be of particular importance in these projects as the plant receives a high proportion of industrial effluent.

Stevenson memorial lecture, 1958.