Suchergebnisse

The Online Travel Booking Services is the modern way of attracting people for the tourism industry. The tourism has become so easy because of this service and there are lots of improvements needed for this industry as whole. There are OTBS functions even for middle class people or salaried person who cannot afford costlier services. So there are few online tourist websites which provide quality service at a cheaper cost which is a great advantage for middle class people. This would increase the revenue of the tourism industry which is in turn an advantage for the government. The more detailed and beautiful websites attracts more tourists as they have a glimpse of what is available in the place and all the details about their travel. So our government should take keen action on developing more services regarding to OTBS which is the future of tourism industry.

The disposal and waste management of solid high energy propellant (HEP) is a considerate conservational problem. HEP waste is currently disposed in open or confined burning which may cause environmental hazards. In this paper, we examined and discussed results on recycling of HEP waste into fired clay bricks baked in different orientation. HEP modified bricks with 1.5%, 3% and 5 wt. % HEP waste content were manufactured and tested, and then compared against virgin clay bricks without HEP content. The effect of directional orientation of bricks baked with varying HEP content on acoustic properties were experimented and discussed. The sound transmission loss decreases with increase in HEP waste due to formation of independently closed directional pores. The transmission loss of horizontally baked during firing of bricks is nearly 5dB lower than vertically baked bricks. Results of the experimental studies indicate that HEP waste can be utilised in fired clay bricks and different orientation baking further enhances the acoustic properties.

Ultimate properties of a porous ceramic is highly process dependent. In this study, prevalent porous ceramics fabrication methods (Freeze casting, Foam reticulation and Burnable Plastic Sphere (BURPS) method) have been compared by fabricating the porous lead zirconate titanate (PZT) based piezoelectric ceramics. Field Emission Scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) studies were carried out to study the pore size and distribution of the ceramics. Hydrostatic co-efficients increased tremendously on incorporation of porosity which led to Hydrostatic Figure of Merit of 7480 in Foam reticulation samples (porosity 86%). The three dimensionally interconnected networks in the freeze casted samples led to lowest acoustic impedance (6 MRayls) despite not having the lowest density.

Crop discrimination and acreage play a vital role in interpreting the cropping pattern, statistics of the produce and market value of each product. Sultan Battery is an area where a large amount of irrigated and rainfed paddy crops are grown along with Rubber, Arecanut and Coconut. In addition, the northern region of Sultan Battery is covered with evergreen and deciduous forest. In this study, the main objective is to evaluate the performance of optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)-optical hybrid fusion imageries for crop discrimination in Sultan Bathery Taluk of Wayanad district in Kerala. Seven land use classes such as paddy, rubber, coconut, deciduous forest, evergreen forest, water bodies and others land use (e.g., built-up, barren etc.) were selected based on literature review and local land use classification policy. Both Sentinel-2A (optical) and sentinel-1A (SAR) satellite imageries of 2017 for Kharif season were used for classification using three machine learning classifiers such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF) and Classification and Regression Trees (CART). Further, the performance of these techniques was also compared in order to select the best classifier. In addition, spectral indices and textural matrices (NDVI, GLCM) were extracted from the image and best features were selected using the sequential feature selection approach. Thus, 10-fold cross-validation was employed for parameter tuning of such classifiers to select best hyperparameters to improve the classification accuracy. Finally, best features, best hyperparameters were used for final classification and accuracy assessment. The results show that SVM outperforms the RF and CART and similarly, Optical+SAR datasets outperforms the optical and SAR satellite imageries. This study is very supportive for the earth observation scientists to support promising guideline to the agricultural scientist, policy-makers and local government for sustainable agriculture practice.

Crop discrimination and acreage play a vital role in interpreting the cropping pattern, statistics of the produce and market value of each product. Sultan Battery is an area where a large amount of irrigated and rainfed paddy crops are grown along with Rubber, Arecanut and Coconut. In addition, the northern region of Sultan Battery is covered with evergreen and deciduous forest. In this study, the main objective is to evaluate the performance of optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)-optical hybrid fusion imageries for crop discrimination in Sultan Bathery Taluk of Wayanad district in Kerala. Seven land use classes such as paddy, rubber, coconut, deciduous forest, evergreen forest, water bodies and others land use (e.g., built-up, barren etc.) were selected based on literature review and local land use classification policy. Both Sentinel-2A (optical) and sentinel-1A (SAR) satellite imageries of 2017 for Kharif season were used for classification using three machine learning classifiers such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF) and Classification and Regression Trees (CART). Further, the performance of these techniques was also compared in order to select the best classifier. In addition, spectral indices and textural matrices (NDVI, GLCM) were extracted from the image and best features were selected using the sequential feature selection approach. Thus, 10-fold cross-validation was employed for parameter tuning of such classifiers to select best hyperparameters to improve the classification accuracy. Finally, best features, best hyperparameters were used for final classification and accuracy assessment. The results show that SVM outperforms the RF and CART and similarly, Optical+SAR datasets outperforms the optical and SAR satellite imageries. This study is very supportive for the earth observation scientists to support promising guideline to the agricultural scientist, policy-makers and local government for sustainable agriculture practice.

Utilisation of propellant waste in fabrication of bricks is not only used as efficient waste disposal method but also to get better functional properties. In the present study, high energy propellant (HEP) waste additive mixed with soil and fly ash in different proportions during manufacturing of bricks has been investigated experimentally. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were carried out to confirm the brick formation and the effect of HEP waste. Ceramic bricks were fabricated with HEP waste additive in proper proportions i.e. 0.5 wt %, 1.0 wt %, 1.5 wt %, 2.0 wt %, 2.5 wt %, 3 wt %, 3.5 wt %, and 4 wt % and then evaluated for water absorption capability and compressive strength. Compressive strength of 6.7 N/mm2, and Water absorption of 22 % have been observed from modified fired bricks impregnated with HEM waste additive. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies were carried out to analyze the effect of HEP waste additive on pore formation and distribution in the bricks. Further, the heat resulting from decomposition of propellants can cause a decrease in the energy required of baking process. The process of manufacturing of bricks with HEP waste additive is first of its kind till date.

The current work describes the effect of shock wave exposure on electroplated NiW thin films. NiW thin films were deposited through electrodeposition process by varying the bath temperatures (35°C and 70°C) at constant current density of 1A/dm2. The deposited NiW thin films were exposed to shock waves with varying Mach numbers of 1.13 and 2.33 using an in-house shock wave tube facility. The as-deposited and shock wave-exposed NiW thin films were characterized by XRD, FESEM, EDS, and EIS to reveal its structural and mechanical properties. The XRD results disclose the stable cubic structural phase of as deposited and shock wave exposed NiW thin films with average crystallite size varying between 5 nm to 17nm. The elemental composition of as-deposited and shock-wave exposed films are similar as confirmed in the EDS analysis. This henceforth represents the stability of nanostructured NiW film in terms of compositional and structural aspect. Morphological analysis through FESEM shows that the exposed thin film is defect free due to the impact of shock waves. Furthermore, corrosion resistance is observed to enhance ten times in shock-wave exposed thin film than as-deposited thin film for higher mach number (Pressure ~63 bar). Similarly, corrosion resistance for low mach number (pressure ~13 bar) increases by three times of as deposited film according to the EIS analysis. Therefore, the structural, morphological and corrosion properties were enhanced upon surface treatment by shock wave exposure. NiW thin films with enhanced mechanical properties such as low corrosion rate, high corrosion resistance is used in various industrial applications like defense applications, aircraft, and marine applications.