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This open access book raises crucial questions about the citizenship of the European Union. Is it a new citizenship beyond the nation-state although it is derived from Member State nationality? Who should get it? What rights and duties does it entail? Should EU citizens living in other Member States be able to vote there in national elections? If there are tensions between free movement and social rights, which should take priority? And should the European Court of Justice determine what European citizenship is about or the legislative institutions of the EU or national parliaments? This book collects a wide range of answers to these questions from legal scholars, political scientists, and political practitioners. It is structured as a series of three conversations in which authors respond to each other. This exchange of arguments provides unique depth to the debate

This open access book discusses how national citizenship is being transformed by economic, social and political change. It focuses on the emergence of global markets where citizenship is for sale and on how new reproduction technologies impact citizenship by descent. It also discusses the return of banishment through denationalisation of terrorist suspects, and the impact of digital technologies, such as blockchain, on the future of democratic citizenship. The book provides a wide range of views on these issues from legal scholars, political scientists, and political practitioners. It is structured as a series of four conversations in which authors respond to each other. This exchange of arguments provides unique depth to current debates about the future of citizenship

This book addresses the major theoretical and practical issues of the forms of citizenship and access to citizenship in different types of polity, and the specification and justification of rights of non-citizen immigrants as well as non-resident citizens. It also addresses the conditions under which norms governing citizenship can legitimately vary. The book discusses the principles of including all affected interests (AAI), all subject to coercion (ASC) and all citizenship stakeholders (ACS). They complement each other because they serve distinct purposes of democratic inclusion. The book proposes that democratic inclusion principles specify a relation between an individual or group that has an inclusion claim and a political community that aims to achieve democratic legitimacy for its political decisions and institutions. It contextualizes the principle of stakeholder inclusion, which provides the best answer to the question of democratic boundaries of membership, by applying it to polities of different types. The book distinguishes state, local and regional polities and argues that they differ in their membership character. It examines how a principle of stakeholder inclusion applies to polities of different types. The book illustrates the difference between consensual and automatic modes of inclusion by considering the contrast between birthright acquisition of citizenship, which is generally automatic, and naturalization, which requires an application.

Trans-national America / Randolph Bourne -- Is multinational citizenship possible? / Raymond Aaron -- Citizenship and national identity : some reflections on the future of Europe / Jürgen Habermas -- Transnationalism : a new analytic framework for understanding migration / Nina Glick Schiller, Linda Basch and Cristina Blanc-Szanton -- Citizens, residents, and aliens in a changing world : political membership in the -- Global era / Seyla Benhabib -- Denationalizing citizenship / Linda Bosniak -- How immigration is changing citizenship : a comparative view / Christian Joppke -- Transnationalization in international migration : implications for the study of -- Citizenship and culture / Thomas Faist -- The poverty of postnationalism : citizenship, immigration, and the new Europe / Randall Hansen -- Should expatriates vote? / Claudio López-Guerra -- The legitimacy of the people / Sofia Näsström -- Transnational citizenship and the democratic state : modes of membership and -- Voting rights / David Owen -- Morphing the demos into the right shape : normative principles for enfranchising resident aliens and expatriate citizens / Rainer Bauböck -- The study of transnationalism : pitfalls and promise of an emergent research field / Alejandro Portes, Luis E. Guarnizo and Patricia Landolt -- Transnational migration : taking stock and future directions / Peggy Levitt -- Transnationalism in question / Roger Waldinger and David Fitzgerald -- Dual citizenship as a human right / Peter J. Spiro -- Fuzzing citizenship, nationalising political space : a framework for interpreting -- The Hungarian "status law" as a new form of kin-state policy in Central and Eastern Europe / Brigid Fowler -- Transborder membership politics in Germany and Korea / Rogers Brubaker and Jaeeun Kim

Citizenship is frequently invoked both as an instrument and goal of immigrant integration. Yet, in migration contexts, citizenship also marks a distinction between members and outsiders based on their different relations to particular states. A migration perspective highlights the boundaries of citizenship and political control over entry and exit as well as the fact that foreign residents remain in most countries deprived of core rights of political participation. This book summarizes current theories and empirical research on the legal status and political participation of migrants in European democracies.

Overview of current theories and empirical research on citizenship in European contexts of migration.