Suchergebnisse

Half Title -- Title -- Contents -- Preface to the Original Edition -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Part One: Great Britain -- Chapter 2: Origins of the Nature Conservancy -- Chapter 3: Woodland Ecosystems and Nature Reserves -- Part Two: United States -- Chapter 4: Ecosystems and the Atom at Oak Ridge National Laboratory -- Chapter 5: Oak Ridge Ecosystem Research and Impact Assessment -- Chapter 6: Forest Experiment and Practice at Hubbard Brook -- Part Three: Canada -- Chapter 7: Ecology and the Ontario Fisheries -- Chapter 8: Comparing Ecologists and Their Institutions -- Chapter 9: Understanding Ecology's Place in the World -- Notes -- References -- Index

Since the early 1940s, the ecosystem approach has been developed in a variety of forms by North American ecologists. Lindeman established its foundation, with his focus on functional components and energy transfers between trophic levels; this view was developed further by several ecologists, including G. Evelyn Hutchinson, and H. T. and E. P. Odum. Ecosystem ecology eventually became closely associated with powerful American institutions, such as the Atomic Energy Commission, receiving ample support; in association with the International Biological Program it became known as "big ecology'. More recently, ecosystem ecology has exhibited strengthened interest in spatial patterns, the role of species in ecosystems, and global change. This history has encompassed various ontological, methodological, ethical and political claims regarding the place of this approach in the discipline of ecology and in environmental governance.