Suchergebnisse

In the paper were analyzed the wine market in the European Union. The basic data source is Global Trade Atlas, in the time interval from 2010 to 2012. The wine production in the European Union is around 164 thousand hectolitres. In export structure dominate the bottled wines (67.9%), and then follow the wine in bulk (22.7%), the lowest share is of the sparkling wine with 9.4%. The largest wine export has been directed to USA market (23.3%), and then follows the Russian Federation (16.3%) and China (9.9%). The biggest wine exporter in the European Union is Italy, then Spain and France. The European Union represents compellingly the biggest world wine importer, while the average import amounted 13.607.000 hectolitres. In import structure dominate the wine in bulk (57.2%), then the bottled wines (41.7%), while the lowest share has the sparkling wines, with share of totally one percentage. The largest import is from Australia (25.3%), then Chile (21.6%) and South-African Republic (20.3%). The biggest importer is Germany, and then follows Great Britain and France. The European Union has a positive balance of wine foreign trade exchange, approximately over six thousand hectolitres. In the following period can be expected a trend of export growth from the Union, but with significantly more moderate tempo, owing to a notable saturation of the international market.

The objective of this paper is to examine the competitiveness of wine export of CEFTA parties (excluding Kosovo), in the period from 2011 to 2020. The CEFTA group exported wine worth a total of 2.3 billion USD during the analyzed period, with significant differences in export value among certain parties. Moldova and North Macedonia generated over 80% of the wine export value. Competitiveness of wine export was analyzed by calculating two sets of indicators. The first set includes three competitiveness indices: revealed comparative advantage index, export specialization index and trade intensity index. The second set of factors relates to the analysis of market share and changes in the market share. With the purpose of identifying causes of changes in the market share, one of them being the competitiveness effect, the authors employed the method of constant market share analysis. The leading exporter, Moldova, although not predominantly focused on the European Union as the main export market, is competitive in the EU market and achieves specialization in exporting wine to the EU market, as well as an increase in trade intensity and market share. Other analyzed CEFTA countries have recorded a decrease in market shares and variable performance regarding export specialization, revealed comparative advantage and trade intensity.

The primary goal of this paper is to explore the reasons and motives that influenced the farmers to opt for organic production, then to identify the factors limiting growth of such production and to consider the possibility of improving the organic production in the Republic of Serbia. The test method based on a questionnaire was used to obtain information on the producers' opinions and attitudes. There are significant potentials for organic production in the Republic of Serbia. The primary motive for engaging in organic farming is that the producers want to manufacture safe and healthy food primarily for themselves and for their family members. The purchase of organic seeds and seedlings, as well as of plant protection material and organic fertilizers, is said to be the biggest problem. There are still many other problems, such as a complicated procedure for obtaining certificates of organic production, poorly drafted legislation, the high cost of certification and analyses, low incentives from the government, but also the still low consumer awareness about the importance of organic food. The most important measure for the expansion of organic farming is an increase in government incentives in the form of subsidies or soft loans. It is necessary for the producers to team up into organic food associations in order to jointly meet the demand for organic products in the domestic and international markets.