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In this article, the authors argue that to develop public policies that will work in the interests of diverse female consumers, it is imperative to recognize how sexism intersects with racism, classism, and heterosexism. The multiple simultaneous oppressions faced by diverse women make for vast differences in their consumption problems and the remedies they require. The authors illustrate how even consumer research that may seem to promote the interest of women actually serves privileged interests and ignores the reality of others. To move toward consumer research that will help shape public policy in the interests of diverse women, one needs to identify how research to date has enhanced the privilege of some women while neglecting or reinforcing the oppression of others. New research issues will need to be added to the agenda if the current situation is to improve.

Although more women are entering managerial and professional jobs with increasingly appropriate academic and experience credentials for upward mobility, few of them make it to senior management or executive ranks (Morrison & Von Glinow, 1990). They encounter a glass ceiling (Morrison, White & Van Velsor, 1987), an almost impenetrable barrier, which prevents them from reaching the top levels.

Presents descriptive information on interpersonal networks, both
inside and outside of one′s organization, among managerial and
professional women and men. Sex differences were also examined. Data
were collected from 57 women and 55 men in early and mid‐career stages
using questionnaires. Respondents indicated an average of 4.9
individuals in their inside networks and 2.8 individuals in their
outside networks. There was a higher percentage of men in both networks,
but the difference was smaller in outside than in inside networks.
Respondents interacted with inside and outside network members about
once a week. Inside network members held staff rather than line jobs,
were at slightly higher organizational levels and were only modestly
connected to powerful organizational leaders. Outside networks consisted
mostly of friends and spouses. The networks of women and men had some
differences. Women′s networks contained more women than did men′s
networks. Women also received a greater number of developmental
functions from their outside network, with a similar tendency from their
inside network as well.