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THE FACT THAT DIVERSE SOCIETIES MORE AND MORE ARE HAVING TO TAKE ACCOUNT OF ONE ANOTHER IN MATERIAL TERMS LEADS TO THE EXPECTATION THAT SOONER OR LATER ALMEANINGFUL INTERNATIONAL REGIME OF LEGAL ACCOUNTABILITY WILL EMERGE. THE MAJOR PROTAGONISTS IN THE DEBATE CONCERNING THE NEW INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER ARE THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES' COALITION FOR REDISTRIBUTION OF GLOBAL INCOME.

Spatial patterns in socioeconomic data reveal issues and trends that would otherwise be missed by data aggregation to political or other units. Geographic Information System (GIS) tools provide display and analysis capabilities that are underutilized by many social scientists. The present article combines field-based surveys that maintain locational information with GIS tools to examine gender roles, responsibilities, and workloads in a spatial context for a case-study watershed in Nepal. Adult women outworked men by an average of 3.8 hours per day. Spatial differences in workloads are related to road access, with women living near the road working longer days, and men near the road participating more in typically female tasks such as collecting drinking water. Households with poor access have larger landholdings, greater total production, and are more reliant on subsistence agriculture. Households with road access use more agrochemicals, have smaller landholdings, and are more reliant on off-farm employment to meet their families' needs. GIS helps communicate these spatial trends more clearly and quantifies key issues when combined with statistical analysis. The use of field-based participatory techniques, aerial photographs and quantitative GIS and statistical analysis is infrequent in gender analysis but provides social scientists with powerful tools for investigating variability. In this study, the significant influence of the road on socioeconomic issues was highlighted, along with the need to focus development activities spatially.

A review essay on seven books about African literature (see listings in IRPS No. 84). Questions of language are manifest in each of these books. First of all, many African writers emerge from complex linguistic backgrounds, as Derek Wright's The Novels of Nuruddin Farah makes apparent. Equally important, critics vary in their knowledge of & assumptions about the languages of Africa, as both Chantal Zabus & Kenneth H. Harrow demonstrate in different ways in The African Palimpset & Thresholds of Change in African Literature, respectively. Adewale Maja-Pearce's A Mask Dancing & Chris Dunton's Make Man Talk True show that linguistic traditions help shape the kinds of fiction & drama that are produced. Finally, Abdulrazak Gurnah's edited volume, Essays on African Writing, reminds us of the diversity of African writers & languages, & Eckhard Breitinger's edited volume, Theatre and Performance in Africa, reminds us that a popular literature must, by definition, employ a language with which its readers, hearers, & participants can engage. M. Maguire

Reilly's Law of Retail Gravitation ranks among the classics of marketing geography. In this paper an examination of the evolution of Reilly's law is made, the contemporaneous wheel of retailing theory being used as an organisational framework. In line with the wheel, the gravity model commenced as a simple conceptualisation of consumer spatial behaviour, became increasingly sophisticated through time, and thereby created conditions conducive to the reemergence of the basic interaction model. The wheel theory, however, describes but does not explain the processes of change, and the need for a more comprehensive model of the evolution of retailing thought is discussed.

THE AUTHORS OF "HABITS OF THE HEART" BELIEVE THAT AMERICAN INDIVIDUALISM MAY BE DESTROYING THOSE SOCIAL INTEGUMENTS BELIEVED TO BE MODERATING ITS MORE DESTRUCTIVE POTENTIALITIES. HOWEVER, BECAUSE THEY COME TO THEIR RESEARCH WITH AN ANTI-INDIVIDUALISTIC BIAS IN PLACE, THE AUTHORS FAIL TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE ROLE OF EITHER RECENT HISTORICAL EVENTS OR INFLUENCES OTHER THAN INDIVIDUALISTIC IDEAS IN SHAPING AMERICAN CULTURE. AN ALTERNATIVE EXPLANATION FOR THE EMERGENCE OF THE ISOLATED SELF AND THE INCOHERENCE OF MORAL DISCOURSE IN AMERICAN LIFE IS PRESENTED. BOTH OF THESE PHENOMENA ARE VIEWED AS TEMPRORARY RESPONSES TO A SHIFT IN AMERICAN CHARACTER.

Account of Francis Babcock with Stephen Brown for repairing a coat.

THE ANALYSIS HERE SHOWS THAT LARGE AND SMALL COUNTRIES MAY EXPLOIT ONE ANOTHER. THIS IS SHOWN BY CONCENTRATING ON THE REACTION PROCESS IN PUBLIC-GOOD THEORY, A CONCEPT THAT PERMITS TESTING OF THE EXPLOITATION THESIS. THE RESULTS DEMONSTRATE THAT MUTUAL EXPLOITATION MAY LEAD TO ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN LARGE AND SMALL COUNTRIES ABOUT PUBLICGOOD SUPPLIES.