Suchergebnisse

[EN] Swine production has increased steadily throughout the last decades in the European Union (EU). In Spain, swine census grew 58% between 1990 and 2009, being second-ranked within the EU-27, after Germany. This situation has led to major benefits for the efficiency in the production process but can also have drawbacks, as potential environmental impact of areas with high animal density. Management factors related with animal feeding (chemical composition, number of feeding phases, feeder type), drinker type and length of slurry pit storage affect pig excreta composition. In addition, the mitigation of gas pollutants (ammonia and greenhouse gases as methane and nitrous oxide) derived from pig facilities (animal pens and pits below them) and mainly from outdoor lagoons must be considered in the near future. Some strategies to manage the excreta quality may include dietary manipulation, rainwater reutilization systems, the application of additives to the slurry pit, and some other slurry treatments. This review highlighted the importance of water and feed devices on determining the excreta composition of fattening pigs. Management factors related with animal facilities and length of slurry pit storage affect gaseous emissions from pig slurry. ; [PT] A produção de suínos tem aumentado ao longo das últimas décadas na União Europeia (UE). Na Espanha, o censo cresceu 58% entre 1990 e 2009, sendo o segundo classificado na UE-27, depois da Alemanha. Esta situação tem gerado grandes benefícios para a eficiência no processo de produção, mas também pode ter desvantagens, como o impacto ambiental de áreas com alta densidade animal. Gestão de fatores relacionados com a alimentação animal (composição química, número de fases de alimentação, tipo de alimentação), o tipo de bebedouro e tempo de armazenamento de chorume a céu aberto afeta a composição de excrementos de suínos. Além disso, a mitigação de gases poluentes (amônia e gases de efeito estufa como o metano e o óxido nitroso) provenientes de instalações de suínos ...

© 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Artificial slurry (4% dry matter) was prepared using fresh feces and urine obtained from four pregnant sows fed with commercial diet. Freeze-dried dairy cattle feces were used (external archaea) as co-inoculum (Co-i) and structural carbohydrates (CHO: apple pulp; sugar beet pulp; and wheat straw) as substrates. Bottles were incubated (39 ± 1°C for 56 days), and the gas production was measured (mbar) and converted to the volume. A sample of produced gas was taken and analyzed for methane concentration using a gas chromatography. Bottles were opened at days 0, 25, and 56 to determine total bacteria, total, and hydrogenotrophic methanogens archaea (HMA) concentrations using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and population biodiversity using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Incubation time reduced the titers of total bacteria and archaea (P 0.05), whereas at 10% Co inoculation, titers decreased constantly. Most of the archaeal DGGE bands were observed in all samples, suggesting a common microbial population origin but Co-i supply altered the DGGE structure of archaea populations. ; This work was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain and the European Union Regional Development Funds (AGL2010‐20820). Ahmad Reza Seradj is a recipient of grant from the Government of Catalunya (FI‐DGR 2011) and Henris Morazan was a recipient of grant from MAEC‐AECID 2009–2011. ; Peer Reviewed