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Part I. A southern New Deal, 1933-1945: The New Deal: southern enthusiasm -- Liberal hopes and conservative fears -- Part II. Racial change, a long massive resistance, and liberal fatalism, 1945-1965: A liberal window of opportunity? -- Brown and backlash -- Part III. The rise and fall of biracial politics after 1965: Voting rights, a long southern strategy, and conservative accommodation -- Thwarted promises of a new south.

It's not the economy, stupid: How liberal politicians' faith in the healing powers of economic growth—and refusal to address racial divisions—fueled reactionary politics across the South. From FDR to Clinton, charismatic Democratic leaders have promised a New South—a model of social equality and economic opportunity that is always just around the corner. So how did the region become the stronghold of conservative Republicans in thrall to Donald Trump? After a lifetime studying Southern politics, Anthony Badger has come to a provocative conclusion: white liberals failed because they put their faith in policy solutions as an engine for social change and were reluctant to confront directly the explosive racial politics dividing their constituents. After World War II, many Americans believed that if the edifice of racial segregation, white supremacy, and voter disfranchisement could be dismantled across the South, the forces of liberalism would prevail. Hopeful that economic modernization and education would bring about gradual racial change, Southern moderates were rattled when civil rights protest and federal intervention forced their hand. Most were fatalistic in the face of massive resistance. When the end of segregation became inevitable, it was largely driven by activists and mediated by Republican businessmen. Badger follows the senators who refused to sign the Southern Manifesto and rejected Nixon's Southern Strategy. He considers the dilemmas liberals faced across the South, arguing that their failure cannot be blamed simply on entrenched racism. Conservative triumph was not inevitable, he argues, before pointing to specific false steps and missed opportunities. Could the biracial coalition of low-income voters that liberal politicians keep counting on finally materialize? Badger sees hope but urges Democrats not to be too complacent

The twelve essays in this book, several published here for the first time, represent some of Tony Badger's best work in his ongoing examination of how white liberal southern politicians who came to prominence in the New Deal and World War II handled the race issue when it became central to politics in the 1950s and 1960s. Franklin Roosevelt in the 1930s thought a new generation of southerners would wrestle Congress back from the conservatives. The Supreme Court thought that responsible southern leaders would lead their communities to general school desegregation after the Brown decision. John.

Cover -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- Maps -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The First World War -- The Pre-war Period -- Beginnings -- How the War was Fought -- US Home Front -- The Consequences -- 3 The Second World War -- The Interwar Period -- Beginnings -- How the War was Fought -- US Home Front -- The Consequences -- 4 The Korean War -- The Interwar Period -- Beginnings -- How the War was Fought -- US Home Front -- The Consequences -- 5 The Vietnam War -- The Interwar Period -- Beginnings -- How the War was Fought -- US Home Front -- The Consequences -- 6 Conclusions -- How the Wars Began - Justice of War -- How the Wars were Fought - Justice in War -- How the Wars Ended - Justice after the War -- US Home Front - Justice at Home -- Conclusions -- Epilogue -- Annotated Bibliography and Further Reading -- Index.