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This paper examines Ildefons Cerdà's 1860 Plan for the Urban Expansion of Barcelona; specifically, how and why it was conceived in a unique way, in which the provision of services to the population was an important part. Cerdà based his expansion proposal on an in‑depth socio-statistical study of old Barcelona's population conditions. The high mortality rates of the working‑class population and poor health and education conditions pushed Cerdà to design a new type of urban planning, which he defined as "urbanism". In his proposal for the new city, he planned the location of services such as marketplaces, schools and hospitals. The first part of this paper introduces the urban and political preconditions of Barcelona and the statistics on which Cerdà based his contribution. The second part uses location theory and a geographic information system (GIS) to analyse the pattern of location and the population served by markets and hospitals. In addition, topographic maps from 1926 and 1975 are used to study the development of the expansion up to when it was fully developed. The evolution of the city differed from Cerdà's proposal, partly due to unexpected increases in population density, the built environment, and higher amounts of building occupation. Nevertheless, Cerdà's layout of streets and avenues has prevailed.

Este artículo propone una metodología basada en el uso de sistemas de información geográfica y modelos de análisis estadístico multivariante para analizar el desarrollo local en zonas de montaña, a través de la definición de taxonomías de áreas. Para la aplicación de esta metodología se ha partido de variables socioeconómicas y espaciales para llegar a una identificación de variables latentes y comunes a varias áreas que ha permitido la clasificación de estas áreas. Estas taxonomías son las que en definitiva pueden permitir dar alternativas que faciliten el desarrollo en las comarcas pirenaicas, pero también, dar elementos interpretativos para posibles políticas de mantenimiento y de planificación de áreas de protección natural, frente a actividades más agresivas con el entorno. Naturalmente, estas políticas tendrían que estar relacionadas con la planificación urbana/rural teniendo en cuenta aspectos económicos y sociales. ; This article proposes a methodology based on geographical information systems and factor-analysis to carry out taxonomies for mountain areas in the Catalan Pyrenees. Initially, socio-economic and spatial variables have been used in the classification of the areas. Subsequently, the discrimination of homogeneous areas becomes important in order to undertake posterior studies about their development and to facilitate the creation of specific public policies adjusted to their main competitive advantages. The confrontation of such extreme and rival neighbouring uses in small Pyrenean regions -such as natural parks and productive activities- with externalities arising and affecting each others' activities, requires governmental instruments to intervene in order to achieve a more efficient allocation of resources in the face of externalities, to decrease production where there is external cost and to increase it where there are external benefits. Necessarily, these policies would have to be related to urban planning and to take into account economic and social aspects.