Suchergebnisse

Au bout d'une décennie de Nouvelle Politique Agricole, l'économie arachidière se trouve dans une situation de morosité sans précédent. Et comme l'a bien reconnu le rapport du Groupe de Reflexion Stratégique, qui a été mis sur pied par le ministre de l'agriculture, il faudra, pour relancer le secteur, rompre avec les approches productivistes, qui consistent à vouloir augmenter les surfaces et les productions sans trop se soucier de la rentabilité au niveau de tous les stades de la filière. Les politiques de prix et de commercialisation font partie des facteurs principaux qui affectent les niveau de rentabilité et de compétitivité au sein de la filière arachidière. La réforme de ces politiques devra donc nécessairement faire partie du débat sur la relance du secteur. Le présent papier se propose d'analyser les effets d'une éventuelle réforme de ces politiques sur les incitations à la production et la rentabilité dans le secteur de transformation. Les résultats indiquent qu'une libéralilsation des marchés, sans une réduction substantielle des coûts de commercialisation observés dans le secteur privé, pourrait avoir des conséquences sérieuses pour la compétitivité du secteur de transformation. D'où le besoin d'accorder suffisamment d'attention en cas de libéralisation à l'emergence d'un secteur privé de commercialisation competitif et efficient. Les résultats indiquent également qu'une libéralisation effective des politiques de prix et de commercialisation doit nécessairement aller de pair avec une am??lioration de la productivité et une forte réduction des coûts unitaires de production dans le secteur de transformation. Force est donce de reconnaître que le problème de la filière est loin d'être uniquement un problème de prix et de système de commercialisation ou de production. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1 ; MSSD

Although the techniques that are being used have become much more sophisticated, recent methodological developments in market research have hardly gone beyond the econometric test of market integration. While more efficient methods are being proposed to analyze price interdependence, the implications at the farm level and for agricultural transformation are not part of the analysis. However, one would expect reforming governments to be more interested in issues such as i) the implications of market integration for the operation of local markets, ii) its impact on the process of domestic market reforms, iii) strategies to improve the degree of integration, and iv) the benefits of doing so. It is well known that the ultimate impact at the local level of changes in macroeconomic policies depend to a large extent on the adjustment at the meso-level, meaning the marketing sector. Consequently, understanding the impact of economic policy reforms at the local level requires an integrated approach to analyzing macroeconomic and marketing policy changes. The present paper develops a model which, while starting from the integration approach, offers an extension of the latter to show the implication of market integration for the adjustment of local markets to policy reforms. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1 ; MSSD

For Niger, the development of agriculture is essential to strategies to raise incomes and eradicate poverty in a sustainable manner, without further depleting its natural resource base. While traditional approaches to agricultural development have emphasized food security and have been rather technology focused, African countries are increasingly emphasizing the role of innovation in development.'Fostering transformation and growth in Niger's agricultural sector' seeks to further the understanding of potential innovations that can sustainably transform the agriculture sector in Niger. This publication uses the agricultural value chain perspective to provide a reference point for improvements in supporting services and the business environment. The first part describes several innovations that could contribute to enhancing agricultural productivity. Particularly interesting is the emphasis on the grassroots nature of some of these innovations. The second part offers a reference point for improvements in supporting services, the business and institutional environments that can contribute to pro-poor initiatives and to a stronger linkage of smallholders to markets. The comprehensive approach taken in this book ensures its contribution to an understanding of transformative innovations in agriculture as well as enabling conditions.

This chapter aims to assess the performance of and policy responses to Africa's rapidly emerging traditional staples value chains, which are dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the processing and trading segments. It addresses questions related to policy process issues such as (1) whether public intervention policies in Africa are in line with the needs and performance of the rapidly transforming value chains, and (2) how African governments should align policy interventions in emerging mid-chain segments to foster effective value chain development. The chapter uses the example of one of the most dynamic and fastest-growing staples value chains in Africa, the millet value chain in Senegal, thus contributing specifically to Senegal's agro-industrial policy discourse. We begin with a review of value chain development evolution as a concept and in practice in Africa as a whole and outline a comprehensive list of critical policy concerns and priorities that must be addressed to respond to the needs of midstream value chain segments. ; PR ; IFPRI4; ReSAKSS ; AFR

PR ; IFPRI4; CRP2 ; WCAO; PIM ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

Africa's improved growth performance over the last 15 years provides an opportunity for the continent to transit from recovery to structural transformation. This paper reviews the evolution of development theory and practice, the role of agriculture therein, and the pace of structural transformation in Africa over the last 50 years. The evolution has involved shifting roles of industry vs. agriculture and that of government, and the public sector vs. markets and the private sector. Government intervention in favour of industrialization in the 1960s-1970s resulted in the neglect of agriculture, poor growth performance, and a productivity-reducing structural transformation, characterized by an increasing concentration of low productivity labour in the informal service sector. The paper suggests a move away from the dual-economy to a three-dimensional model that pays greater attention to the large informal segment of the service sector. A successful transformation will require accelerated agricultural productivity growth, a modernized informal service sector, and effective industrialization strategies, with balanced roles for government, markets, and the private sector, all supported by country-led, evidence-based strategies exemplified under the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP).

International audience ; AbstractThis paper analyzes the relationship between health expenditures and productivity in Senegal by using a dynamic recursive computable general equilibrium (CGE) model that has been run from 2011 to 2020. This model links the growth rate of agricultural productivity to household investment in health goods taking into account catastrophic health payments considered as barriers to achieve maximal productivity gains. In fact, despite being a potential catalyst for productivity, out-of-pocket health expenditures can be a burden after a critical threshold has been crossed and might potentially decrease household resources and place constraints on the productivity-generating process. Results show a positive impact on poverty reduction when the Government reduces the burden on households by financing catastrophic payment overshoots. Lower health costs also appear to improve households' well-being, especially in the case of agricultural households. These results suggest the need for policies which will reduce the health system's reliance on out-of-pocket payments and demonstrate that health programs should reach the most vulnerable households. The effectiveness of poverty-orientated interventions can be increased by targeting households incurring catastrophic health expenditures.

African farms and farmers -- Hunger and malnutrition -- The threats to food security -- Resilient farmers -- Sustainable agriculture -- Agriculture and ecology -- The new genetics -- Value chains -- Digital farmers -- Transforming agriculture -- Leadership and performance.

economics; quantitative policy evaluation; Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP); poverty