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Abstract: This paper attempts to analyze the administrative approaches that influenced public management cultures in India and Nepal, with special attention to the Public Value Approach, to elaborate its basic tenets and examines the nature of Indian and Nepalese administrative cultures and scope of their improvement in the light of these tenets. The paper is divided into three parts: Part I deals with the background of emergence of Public Value Approach; Part II elaborates the basic principles and promises of Public Value Approach; and Part III examines the nature of administrative cultures as well as scope of its improvement in India and Nepal in the light of Public Value Approach, of public good and democratic element. ; Resumen: Este artículo busca analizar las teorías administrativas que influyeron en las culturas de la administración pública en India y Nepal, con especial atención a la Teoría del Valor Público, elaborando sus principios básicos y examinando la naturaleza de las culturas administrativas en estos países y el alcance de su mejora a la luz de estos principios. El artículo se divide en 3 partes: la parte 1 trata sobre el contexto del surgimiento de la Teoría del Valor Público, la parte II elabora los principios básicos y el potencial de la Teoría del Valor Público, y la parte 3 examina la naturaleza de las culturas administrativas del India y Nepal y el alcance de su mejora a la luz de la Teoría del Valor Público, el bien público y el aspecto democrático. ; Résumé: Le présent travail cherche à analyser les théories administratives qui ont influencé les cultures de l'administration publique en Inde et au Népal, avec une attention particulière à la théorie de la valeur publique, en élaborant ses principes de base et en examinant la nature des cultures administratives dans ces pays et leur portée amélioration à la lumière de ces principes. L'article est divisé en 3 parties: la partie 1 traite du contexte de l'émergence de la théorie de la valeur publique, la partie II élabore les principes de base et le potentiel de la théorie de la valeur publique et la partie 3 examine la nature des cultures administratives. de l'Inde et du Népal et la portée de son amélioration à la lumière de la théorie de la valeur publique, du bien public et de l'aspect démocratique. ; Abstract: Il presente lavoro cerca di analizzare le teorie amministrative che hanno influenzato le culture della pubblica amministrazione in India e Nepal, con particolare attenzione alla Teoria del Valore Pubblico, elaborandone i principi di base ed esaminando la natura delle culture amministrative in questi paesi e la portata miglioramento alla luce di questi principi. L'articolo è diviso in 3 parti: la parte 1 tratta del contesto dell'emergere della Teoria del valore pubblico, la parte II elabora i principi di base e le potenzialità della Teoria del valore pubblico e la parte 3 esamina la natura delle culture amministrative dell'India e del Nepal e la portata del suo miglioramento alla luce della teoria del valore pubblico, del bene pubblico e dell'aspetto democratico. ; Resumo: O presente trabalho busca fazer uma análise das teorias administrativas que influenciaram as culturas da administração pública na Índia e no Nepal, com especial atenção à Teoria do Valor Público, elaborando seus princípios básicos e examinando a natureza das culturas administrativas nesses países e o alcance de seu aprimoramento à luz desses princípios. O artigo é dividido em 3 partes: a parte 1 lida com o contexto do surgimento da Teoria do Valor Público, a parte II elabora os princípios básicos e o potencial da Teoria do Valor Público, e a parte 3 examina a natureza das culturas administrativas da Índia e do Nepal e o alcance de seu aprimoramento à luz da Teoria do Valor Público, do bem público e do aspecto democrático.

There is no looking back from the ever-increasing digitalization of political processes and administration. This is a global phenomenon, but it has different impacts in democratic and authoritarian regimes. This theoretical paper seeks to explain this difference using the concept of digital tension. Digital tension refers to incompatibility among the different components of digital technology, which gives rise to incongruence and even conflict between different outcomes of use of digital technology to political processes. Digital technology promotes openness, transparency, and decentralized use, but it also facilitates centralization of monitoring and control. The outcomes of openness, decentralization, and transparency in actual practice go against the centralizing tendencies inherent in the same technology. In political discourse we say that digital technology empowers ordinary citizens, but we can also assert that it equally empowers rulers in a political regime. However, the interests of the rulers and the ruled are not the same even in democratic regimes. Since governing authorities are more resourceful, they are likely to use digital technology to enhance their power. This tendency is found in both democratic and authoritarian regimes. In democratic regimes, the ruling regime may use digital technology not only to centralized monitoring and control, but also for greater surveillance of opponents and critics. However, digital tension is well managed in authoritarian regimes, and hence the empowerment of rulers through digital technology is more pronounced. Thus, digital technology for centralized monitoring, supervision, and control is a boon for authoritarian regimes. This paper is divided onto four parts: Part one deals with theoretical issues related to digital technology and digital tension, Part two analyzes the role of digital technology in democratic regimes, Part three explains the use of this technology in authoritarian regimes, and Part four compares democratic and authoritarian regimes with respect to the use of digital technology and lists conclusions of this study.