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Canada's Royal Commission on New Reproductive Technologies rejects all forms of surrogacy arrangement under the rubric of objecting to commercial surrogacy. Noncommercial surrogacy arrangements, however, can be defended against the commission's objections. They can be viewed as cases of giving a benefit or service to another in a way that expresses benevolence, and establishes a relationship between surrogates and prospective 'social' parents that allows mutual understanding and reciprocal personal interaction between them.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Part I. A Conceptual Framework -- Introduction: Bridging the Past and Present in Assessing Migration -- 1. Unifying Themes in Studies of Ancient and Contemporary Migrations -- Part II. Past Perspectives -- 2. The Anglo-Saxon Migration: An Archaeological Case Study of Disruption -- 3. Religious Disruption and the Islamic Conquest of Andalucía -- 4. Causes and Consequences of Migration in Epiclassic Northern Mesoamerica -- 5. The Debated Role of Migration in the Fall of Ancient Teotihuacan in Central Mexico -- 6. Migration as a Response to Environmental and Political Disruption: The Middle Horizon and Late Intermediate Periods in the South-Central Andes -- Part III. Modern Perspectives -- 7. "Disruption," Use Wear, and Migrant Habitus in the Sonoran Desert -- 8. Environmental Disruption as a Consequence of Human Migration: The Case of the U.S.-Mexico Border -- 9. Rethinking "Causation" and "Disruption": The Environment-Migration Nexus in Northern Ethiopia -- 10. Migration and Disruption on Palawan Island, the Philippines: A Comparison of Two Cases -- 11. Unequal in the Court of Public Opinion: Mexican and Asian Immigrant Disruptions in the United States -- 12. Perceptions of Disruption: Media Representations and Medical Staffs' Perceptions of Undocumented Immigrants' Impact on Healthcare Services in Post-SB 1070 Arizona -- 13. Conclusion: Migration and Disruptions from Prehistory to the Present -- List of Contributors -- Index