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The dissolution of the Ottoman Empire set the stage for Türkiye's evolving foreign policy in the Middle East, a region deeply intertwined with its historical legacy. From the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923 to the rise of the AK Party in the early 2000s, Türkiye's approach has been marked by pragmatism, adaptability, and a keen understanding of regional dynamics. The nation's foreign policy has oscillated between neutrality, revisionism, proactivity, reactivity, assertiveness, autonomy, and diplomacy, reflecting both its historical ties and strategic imperatives. As Türkiye continues to navigate the complexities of the Middle East, its foreign policy remains a testament to its enduring resilience and strategic acumen. By tracing its roots and evolution, the article sheds light on the myriad factors that have shaped its course, offering insights into the evolving nature of Türkiye's multifaceted and adaptive foreign policy and role in the Middle East over the last 100 years (1923-2023).

Starting the end of 2020, the Middle East has witnessed an unprecedented de-escalation among its key regional rivals. Several major players, including Türkiye, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iran, Israel, the UAE, and Qatar, have been reaching out to one another to reconcile and normalize relations, thus signaling a regional reset. As a result, a rare positive, constructive, and responsible trend of diplomatic engagement has been emerging, prompting the question of whether these reconciliatory and normalization processes will be a temporary situation or a new norm in the region. While investigating this question, the article discusses the rapprochement efforts, reconciliatory initiatives, and normalization processes between the key players in the Middle East from 2021 to 2022. It offers a net assessment of the situation, reviews comprehensively the diplomatic breakthroughs related to the cases in question, explains the primary motives and drivers of involved countries, and highlights the challenges that will likely encounter them. The article concludes by anticipating the prospects of these developments.

In the last decade, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has emerged as a leading counter-revolutionary force in the Middle East. Feeling the heat of change in the region, the small, oil-rich Gulf country adopted an aggressive foreign policy that defined the UAE as a disruptive force that aims to reverse the fledgling democratic trend in the Middle East. After succeeding in Egypt in 2013, Abu Dhabi decided to support field marshal and warlord Khalifa Haftar in Libya to overthrow the UN-recognized government in Tripoli, take over power, and control Libya by force. To that end, the UAE offered massive military, financial, and diplomatic support to Haftar. In this context, the present paper aims to discuss the UAE's interventions in Libya in terms of their nature, extent, motives, goals and repercussions. It highlights the UAE's efforts to weave regional and international alliances to support Haftar and tries to answer the questions why Abu Dhabi has been able to act with impunity in Libya despite being the top foreign player fueling the war there for many years, and whether it will be able to achieve its goals and continue its interventions in the oil-rich North African country or not.

Asymmetry of knowledge production in global international relations manifests
itself in a variety of forms. Concept cultivation is a foundational form that
conditions the epistemic hierarchies prevalent in scholarly encounters,
exchanges, and productions. The core represents the seemingly natural ecology
of concept cultivation, while the periphery appropriates the cultivated concepts,
relinquishing any claim of authenticity and indigeneity in the process. Nonetheless,
there have been cases of intellectual undertakings in the periphery to conceive,
formulate, and articulate conceptual frames of knowledge production. This paper,
first, discusses the fluctuating fortunes of homegrown concepts in the peripheral
epistemic ecologies. Second, it introduces the concept of 'strategic depth' as
articulated by the Turkish scholar Ahmet Davutoğlu and reviews its significance
for the formulation and implementation of recent Turkish foreign policy. Third,
it examines the causes of its recognition and acclaim in the local and global IR
communities subsequent to its inception. The paper contends that there have been
three fundamental sets of causes for the initial ascendancy of the concept. These
are categorized as contemplative causes, implementative causes, and evaluative
causes. Fourth, it traces the sources of its fall from scholarly grace. The paper
further asserts that the three fundamental sets of causes were also operational in
the eventual conceptual insolvency of strategic depth. The paper concludes by
addressing remedial measures to vivify concept cultivation in the periphery and
to conserve the cultivated concepts.

Given the underutilization of hermeneutic research in organizations and the recognition that we do not know what strategy is, we undertake a hermeneutic reading of authorial texts to develop a robust understanding of strategy. We enter into a self-reflexive dialogue with the text to accomplish a fusion of horizons where we hope to turn our prejudices into productive prejudices. In this dialogue, we utilize competing strategy paradigms within a framework that treats the means-end relationship and its underpinning rationality as central to our understanding. This study portrays strategy as a series of intended actions operating along the instrumental/objective - interpretive/subjective continuum, depending on the nature of the means-end relationship. We further contribute to knowledge by demonstrating how to apply hermeneutics to understand complex organizational concepts, and through the intendedness of strategy we emphasize management agency and dispense with the 'emergent strategy' notion, common in the literature.

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships among perceived external prestige (PEP), perceived internal respect (PIR), organizational and work-group identification (OID and WID), and counterproductive work behavior (CWB).Design/methodology/approach– Data were gathered from a cement firm's employees, using longitudinal research. Descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were employed.Findings– PEP and top management respect were positively related to organizational identification (OID), and the latter negatively related to organizational deviance; perceived co-workers and supervisor respect was positively related to WID, and the latter negatively related to interpersonal deviance; and identification foci mediated the relationship between status judgments and CWB.Research limitations/implications– The sample was based on one organization, limiting the results' generalizability, and interactive relationships between WID and OID were not considered. The findings' implications suggest that organizations need specific strategies for reducing deviant organizational behavior and deviant interpersonal behavior, and for fostering identification of their members.Originality/value– The study shows that employees' evaluations of prestige and respect are important predictors of their identification with their organization and work group. It is the first study to investigate the relationship between social identification foci and deviant work behaviors as a negative outcome of identification. It developed a new scale to assess employees' perception of internal respect; it supports operationalizing PIR as a multifoci construct. It has also answered the call for longitudinal research as opposed to cross-sectional research.

The peace-through-tourism discourse has been appropriated mainly by politicians and the industry to advance their own particular interests and has been viewed as a panacea to solve the entrenched socio- economic problems faced by nations globally today. The counter argument is put forward by those analysts who draw our attention to the perceived 'evils' of westernisation and modernisation brought about by globalisation where tourism is one of its principal components. As the paper argues questions of whether and how tourism as a whole contributes to world peace is more complex and problematic. Following a brief exploration of the concept of 'peace', this paper examines the tenuous relationship between 'tourism' and 'peace'. In so doing, it considers the theoretical arguments of diverse thinkers and assesses the strengths and weaknesses of their various positions. The paper goes on to present a fresh conceptual framework for understanding the role of tourism in building a culture of peace. It should be noted that the interpretation offered in this paper has been influenced by the authors' biographies, cultural reflections, and experiences. The paper concludes that not only complexities of tourism and international relations are often ignored in textual representations but the proposition that tourism fosters peace and tolerance appears to have been rather exaggerated.

Background: despite the rise in prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking, it has received little legislative enforcement from governing bodies, especially in the area of health warning labels. Methods: twenty regular waterpipe tobacco smokers from London took part in five focus groups discussing the impact of waterpipe tobacco pack health warnings on their attitudes towards waterpipe smoking. We presented them with existing and mock waterpipe tobacco products, designed to be compliant with current and future UK/EU legislation. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: participants felt packs were less attractive and health warnings were more impactful as health warnings increased in size and packaging became less branded. However, participants highlighted their lack of exposure to waterpipe tobacco pack health warnings due to the inherent nature of waterpipe smoking, that is, smoking in a café with the apparatus already prepacked by staff. Health warnings at the point of consumption had more reported impact than health warnings at the point of sale. Conclusions: waterpipe tobacco pack health warnings are likely to be effective if compliant with existing laws and exposed to end-users. Legislations should be reviewed to extend health warning labels to waterpipe accessories, particularly the apparatus, and to waterpipe-serving premises

Covering over decade of projects, Don't Shrink Me to the Size of a Bullet: The Works of Hiwa K provides the first comprehensive account of the artist's practice to date. Edited by Anthony Downey, with a foreword by Heike Catherina Mertens and Krist Gruijthuijsen, the volume includes essays by Lawrence Abu Hamdan, Natasha Ginwala, Bonaventure Soh Bejeng Ndikung, Aneta Szyłak, and a conversation between the artist and Bakir Ali. A series of texts have been prepared and revised by the artist, and he has also included a collection of anecdotes that recount gossip, stories, jokes, personal insights, conundrums, and aphorisms garnered from multiple sources. These have all been translated into Kurdish for the first time. The volume is fully illustrated and will contain extended notes on the works. Don't Shrink Me to the Size of a Bullet offers context and background to Hiwa K's works from 2005 onwards, including Arbeitsplatz (Workspace) (2005), Cooking with Mama (2005–ongoing), Inappropriation (2009), and Country Guitar Lessons (2005–11), all of which either utilized or subverted spaces within an art institution. Other projects, such as Moon Calendar (2007), This Lemon Tastes of Apple (2011), and Do You Remember What You Are Burning? (2011), focus on historical events in Kurdistan and, more broadly, Iraq; while issues of migration and the fraught experiences associated with forced exile are explored in Pre-Image (2010). The historical and geopolitical realities of immaterial and material exchange come to the fore in Qatees (2009), Chicago Boys: While They Were Singing, We Were Dreaming (2010), It's Spring and the Weather Is Great So Let's Close All Object Matters (2012), My Father's Colour Periods (2013), and The Bell Project (2014–15). More recent works, such as Existentialism in Kurdistan (Raw Materiality 01) (2016–ongoing), call attention to the impact of neoliberal dogma on Kurdistan and its all too imminent impact on the region's population, economic history, and cultural practices. In the spirit of the artist's work, this volume will introduce a new audience to his projects and offer additional insights for those who already know it.