Suchergebnisse

"Governing the Interlinkages between the SDGs: Approaches, Opportunities and Challenges identifies the institutional processes, governance mechanisms and policy mixes that are conducive to devising strategies of integrated Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) implementation. The book edited by Anita Breuer, Daniele Malerba, Srinivasa Srigiri and Pooja Balasubramanian examines the dedicated policies targeting the SDGs, as well as political and institutional drivers of synergies and trade-offs between the SDGs in selected key areas - both cross-nationally and in specific country contexts. Their analysis moves beyond the focus on links between SDG indicators and targets. Instead, the book takes advantage of recent evidence from the initial implementation phase of the SDGs and each chapter explores the question of which political-institutional prerequisites, governance mechanisms and policy instruments are suited to accelerate the implementation of the SDGs. The findings presented are intended to both inform high-level policy debates and to provide orientation for practitioners working on development cooperation. This volume will be of great interest to practitioners and policy makers in the field of sustainable development, as well as academics in the fields of sustainability research, political science, and economics"--

Governing the Interlinkages between the SDGs: Approaches, Opportunities and Challenges identifies the institutional processes, governance mechanisms and policy mixes that are conducive to devising strategies of integrated Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) implementation.

The book edited by Anita Breuer, Daniele Malerba, Srinivasa Srigiri and Pooja Balasubramanian examines the dedicated policies targeting the SDGs, as well as political and institutional drivers of synergies and trade-offs between the SDGs in selected key areas – both cross-nationally and in specific country contexts. Their analysis moves beyond the focus on links between SDG indicators and targets. Instead, the book takes advantage of recent evidence from the initial implementation phase of the SDGs and each chapter explores the question of which political-institutional prerequisites, governance mechanisms and policy instruments are suited to accelerate the implementation of the SDGs. The findings presented are intended to both inform high-level policy debates and to provide orientation for practitioners working on development cooperation.

This volume will be of great interest to practitioners and policy makers in the field of sustainable development, as well as academics in the fields of sustainability research, political science, and economics.

A PDF version of this book is available for free in Open Access at www.taylorfrancis.com. It has been made available under a Creative Commons BY license

"Governing the Interlinkages between the SDGs: Approaches, Opportunities and Challenges identifies the institutional processes, governance mechanisms and policy mixes that are conducive to devising strategies of integrated Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) implementation. The book edited by Anita Breuer, Daniele Malerba, Srinivasa Srigiri and Pooja Balasubramanian examines the dedicated policies targeting the SDGs, as well as political and institutional drivers of synergies and trade-offs between the SDGs in selected key areas - both cross-nationally and in specific country contexts. Their analysis moves beyond the focus on links between SDG indicators and targets. Instead, the book takes advantage of recent evidence from the initial implementation phase of the SDGs and each chapter explores the question of which political-institutional prerequisites, governance mechanisms and policy instruments are suited to accelerate the implementation of the SDGs. The findings presented are intended to both inform high-level policy debates and to provide orientation for practitioners working on development cooperation. This volume will be of great interest to practitioners and policy makers in the field of sustainable development, as well as academics in the fields of sustainability research, political science, and economics"--

Economic and social Inclusion (multidimensional framework) has been the overarching aim of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Particularly in countries that have heterogeneous social groups and strong, salient identities, certain minorities do not benefit from the overall economic growth of the country. The increasing economic inequality is negatively associated with economic opportunities for various minority groups. The thesis advances the discussion on consequences of the intersection between such horizontal and vertical inequalities. I use the conceptual framework of the Leaving no o...

Economic and social Inclusion (multidimensional framework) has been the overarching aim of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Particularly in countries that have heterogeneous social groups and strong, salient identities, certain minorities do not benefit from the overall economic growth of the country. The increasing economic inequality is negatively associated with economic opportunities for various minority groups. The thesis advances the discussion on consequences of the intersection between such horizontal and vertical inequalities. I use the conceptual framework of the Leaving no o...

Governing the Interlinkages between the SDGs: Approaches, Opportunities and Challenges identifies the institutional processes, governance mechanisms and policy mixes that are conducive to devising strategies of integrated Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) implementation. The book edited by Anita Breuer, Daniele Malerba, Srinivasa Srigiri and Pooja Balasubramanian examines the dedicated policies targeting the SDGs, as well as political and institutional drivers of synergies and trade-offs between the SDGs in selected key areas – both cross-nationally and in specific country contexts. Their analysis moves beyond the focus on links between SDG indicators and targets. Instead, the book takes advantage of recent evidence from the initial implementation phase of the SDGs and each chapter explores the question of which political-institutional prerequisites, governance mechanisms and policy instruments are suited to accelerate the implementation of the SDGs. The findings presented are intended to both inform high-level policy debates and to provide orientation for practitioners working on development cooperation.

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the fragility of health systems and highlights the need for renewed efforts to finance pandemic preparedness, prevention and response (PPR) mechanisms, and universal health coverage (UHC). Two lessons emerge from this global health challenge. First, it has shown that global problems need global solutions, as well as the agency of local and national actors to make them work, so it is recommended that public health be considered a global public good. This requires solidarity between rich and poor countries to attain a globally "highest attainable standard" for managing pandemics and other public health emergencies. The provision of such a global public good requires substantial public resources. Furthermore, the focus should not only be on preventing the spread of diseases but also on detecting and fighting infectious diseases at their source. The second lesson is that prevention is a good investment, as it costs less than remedial interventions at later stages. Health systems can be considered as the means by which health priorities, such as pandemic PPR and UHC, can be operationalised. Studies show that health systems that could effectively leverage both robust health security core capacities (e.g. laboratories) and fundamental UHC interventions (e.g. accessible health facilities) were often in a better position to protect their citizens against the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Focusing on the landscape of health financing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), it becomes clear that during the COVID-19 pandemic there was a substantial increase in international health financing. However, continued high out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) in LMICs points to a structural imbalance in health financing, which is one of the major barriers for achieving SDG3. Further contribution from international development assistance and an increase in domestic government expenditure by LMICs through improved mobilisation of domestic resources is therefore impera-tive. Funding gaps to achieve PPR and UHC in LMICs are small in relation to the projected costs of a pandemic such as COVID-19. However, as global debt levels soar, fiscal spaces to close these funding gaps become smaller. The following policy options for governments and international development partners should be considered to protect and improve spending on health in times of shrinking fiscal spaces: reallocation within budgets towards health, better priority-setting of health financing, and greater use of debt-to-health swaps, health taxes and national health insurance schemes. Importantly, investment in health is critical not just for the health benefits, but also because of the positive socio-economic impacts that result, in excess of the level of investment. Improved well-being and health outcomes translate into higher productivity and income, with a benefit–cost ratio of nine for low-income countries and 20 for lower-middle income countries. Given the high rates of unemployment in many LMICs, investments that create jobs in the healthcare sector are also beneficial for other sectors. Evidence shows that for every healthcare professional job that is created, 3.4 jobs are created on average in other sectors. As a large proportion of healthcare workers is female, these new jobs can be an opportunity for young women, in particular, and can help to promote female empowerment and gender equality. Altogether, these long-term benefits affirm that investment in health can enable large spillover effects on the social and economic dimensions of sustainable development and the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Die Corona-Pandemie hat uns die Anfälligkeit der Gesundheitssysteme vor Augen geführt und gezeigt, dass wir neue Finanzierungsmechanismen für Pandemieprävention, -vorsorge und -reaktion (PPR) und die flächen-deckende Gesundheitsversorgung (Universal Health Coverage, UHC) brauchen. Aus der Pandemie lassen sich zwei allgemeine Lehren ziehen. Erstens: Globale Probleme erfordern globale Lösungen, und dabei sind sowohl lokale als auch nationale Akteure gefragt. Deshalb sollte öffentliche Gesundheit als globales öffentliches Gut betrachtet werden. Dies erfordert Solidarität zwischen reichen und armen Ländern, um die Bewältigung von Pandemien und anderen Gesundheitskrisen zu ermöglichen. Die Bereitstellung eines solchen globalen öffentlichen Gutes erfordert jedoch erhebliche öffentliche Mittel. Die Bereitstellung zusätzlicher Mittel, insbesondere für den Pandemiefonds, die WHO, sowie die Umsetzung des internationalen Pandemieabkommens sind erste Schritte in die richtige Richtung. Wichtig ist dabei, dass der Schwerpunkt nicht nur auf der Verhinderung der Ausbreitung von Infektionskrankheiten liegt, sondern auch auf ihrer Erkennung und Bekämpfung direkt an der Quelle, was eine systemische Blickweise erfordert. Die zweite Lehre ist, dass Prävention sich lohnt, da sie weniger kostet als spätere Abhilfemaßnahmen. Gesundheitssysteme lassen sich als Instrument zur Umsetzung von PPR und UHC begreifen. Studien zeigen, dass Gesundheitssysteme mit verlässlichen Kernkapazitäten im Bereich Gesundheitssicherheit (z. B. Labore) und grundlegenden UHC-Strukturen (z. B. Zugang zu Gesundheitseinrichtungen) ihre Bürger*innen oft besser vor den negativen Auswirkungen der Corona-Pandemie schützen konnten. Gerade mit Blick auf Länder mit niedrigem bis mittlerem Einkommen (LMICs) wird deutlich, dass die internationale Unterstützung im Bereich Gesundheit während der Corona-Pandemie deutlich anstieg. Die nach wie vor hohen Zuzahlungen von privaten Haushalten für Gesundheitsdienstleistungen (Out-of-Pocket-Ausgaben (OOPE)) in LMICs deuten jedoch auf ein strukturelles Ungleichgewicht in der Gesundheitsfinanzierung hin. Daher ist eine weitere finanzielle Unterstützung durch die internationale Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und höhere nationale Gesundheitsausgaben der LMICs durch eine verstärkte Mobilisierung inländischer Ressourcen zur Erreichung von PPR und UHC unerlässlich. Regierungen und internationale Entwicklungspartner sollten in Zeiten begrenzter Mittel ihre Gesundheitsausgaben mithilfe der folgenden Maßnahmen stabilisieren oder ggf. ausweiten: i) Priorisierung des Gesundheitssektors bei den nationalen Ausgaben ii) bessere Prioritätensetzung bei der internationalen Gesundheitsfinanzierung, iii) Debt-Health Swaps, iv) Gesundheitssteuern, v) öffentliche Krankenversicherungen. Ein wichtiger Grund für diese Maßnahmen ist, dass Investitionen in die Gesundheit nicht nur aufgrund des gesundheitlichen Nutzens von entscheidender Bedeutung sind, sondern auch positive sozioökonomische Wirkungen haben, deren Wert die ursprünglichen Investitionen oft bei weitem übersteigt. Studien belegen, dass der wirtschaftliche und soziale Nutzen der Investitionen dabei die Kosten in Ländern mit niedrigem Einkommen um das Neunfache und in Ländern mit niedrigem und mittlerem Einkommen um das Zwanzigfache übersteigt. Angesichts der hohen Arbeitslosenquoten in vielen LMICs kommen Investitionen, die Arbeitsplätze im Gesundheitssektor schaffen, auch anderen Sektoren zugute. Es ist belegt, dass für jeden neu geschaffenen Arbeitsplatz im Gesundheitswesen durchschnittlich 3,4 Arbeitsplätze in anderen Sektoren entstehen. Da ein großer Teil des Gesundheitspersonals weiblich ist, bieten diese neuen Arbeitsplätze insbesondere jungen Frauen eine Chance und können Geschlechtergleichheit fördern.

The 2030 UN Agenda for Sustainable Development of 2015 prominently stresses that "the SDGs are integrated and indivisible and balance the three dimensions of sustainable development: the economic, social and environmental" (UN [United Nations], 2015, p. 3). Behind this statement lies a reality of complex interlinkages between the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their targets, the implementation of which may produce synergies but also trade-offs. Another innovative trait of the 2030 Agenda is its strong commitment to the "quality of governance". While the debate about the necessary elements of governance continues, most definitions today include inclusive and participatory decision-making, accountability, and transparency as its key institutional characteristics. These characteristics have been enshrined as targets under SDG 16 on "Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions" that are not only considered desirable outcomes but also as enablers of all other SDGs. Yet another central, transformative promise of the 2030 Agenda is to Leave No One Behind (LNOB), which requires the participation of all segments of society to contribute to its implementation. There is broad consensus in contemporary academic and policy debates that innovative governance approaches will be essential to achieve an integrated implementation of the interlinked SDGs and to fulfil the LNOB commitment. A more recent debate, which has gained traction since the 26th UN Climate Change Conference in 2021, focuses on the just transition towards climate-just, equitable and inclusive societies. At the centre of this debate lies the understanding that governments will be unable to gain public support for the prioritisation of climate actions if they do not succeed in drastically reducing poverty and inequality. It will be necessary that just climate transition be based on the principles of procedural, distributional and recognitional justice. So far, these two debates have run in parallel without cross-fertilising each other. This Policy Brief makes the case that the debate on just transition has much to gain from the academic findings generated by research on the role of governance in managing SDG interlinkages. It is based on a recent study by IDOS and the UNDP Oslo Governance Centre (UNDP OGC) that collates empirical evidence on the effects of governance qualities (SDG 16) on the reduction of poverty (SDG 1) and inequalities (SDG 10) (DIE* & UNDP OGC, 2022). The study finds that: • Improved levels of participation and inclusion are positively associated with poverty reduction; • Higher levels of access to information, transparency and accountability help to improve access to basic services and targeting of social protection policies. These findings provide policymakers with an empirical basis to argue that investments in the achievement of the governance targets of SDG 16 can act as catalysts for interventions seeking to reduce poverty and inequalities. Against this backdrop, this Policy Brief argues that the governance targets of SDG 16 are not only institutional preconditions for the reduction of poverty and inequalities but also contribute towards just transitions. More specifically: they are institutions that contribute towards the justice principles that constitute the basis of just transition and exhibit the governance qualities postulated by SDG 16. It is important to note that debates on the quality of governance and just transition do not take place in a political vacuum. In view of global trends towards auto-cratisation (V-Dem 2022), the empirical findings regarding the enabling governance effects on poverty and inequality reduction carry the important policy implication that action to support just transition will in all likelihood be more successful if accompanied by proactive measures to protect and support democratic institutions and processes.