Suchergebnisse

Objectives: Benefits of school attendance have been debated against SARS-CoV-2 contagion risks. This study examined the trends of contagion before and after schools reopened across 26 countries in the European Union. Methods: We compared the average values of estimated R t before and after school reopening, identifying any significant increase with a one-sample t-test. A meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis were performed to calculate the overall increase in R t for countries in the EU and to search for relationships between R t before schools reopened and the average increase in R t afterward. Results: The mean reproduction number increased in 16 out of 26 countries. The maximum increase in R t was reached after a mean 28 days. We found a negative relationship between the R t before school reopening and its increasing after that event. By 45 days after the first day of school reopening, the overall average increase in R t for the European Union was 23%. Conclusion: We observed a significant increase in the mean reproduction number in most European countries, a public health issue that needs strategies to contain the spread of COVID-19.

L'igiene ospedaliera in Italia ha una lunga e solida storia che però richiede una necessaria riflessione per poter restare al passo con quelle che sono le innovazioni e gli sviluppi dei sistemi sanitari anche connessi a quelle che sono le attività dell'Unione Europea. A livello europeo infatti esistono diverse tradizioni nazionali che riguardo l'igiene ospedaliera e per questo motivo l'European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) ha adottato il termine "controllo delle infezioni e igiene ospedaliera" per poter così includere tutti i professionisti sanitari dei singoli Paesi. La nostra proposta è sia quella di modificare il termine di "igiene ospedaliera" in "igiene delle organizzazioni sanitarie" per poter focalizzare l'attenzione anche ai numerosi livelli di cura non ospedalieri, sia di adottare la seguente definizione: "tutte le attività volte a garantire, in modo appropriato, scientificamente valido ed efficiente, l'assistenza in un ambiente sicuro, confortevole e salubre per i pazienti, i caregiver e gli operatori sanitari". L'igiene ospedaliera ed i suoi professionisti sono un pilastro necessario per garantire la qualità e la sicurezza dell'assistenza sanitaria in Italia. ; Although hospital hygiene has a long history in Italy it is necessary to reflect about it because of the innovation in healthcare systems and because of the evolution due to European Union related activities. Different traditions exist in European countries about hospital hygiene and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) adopted the term of "infection control and hospital hygiene" which includes all the engaged European healthcare professionals. We propose to modify hospital hygiene as "healthcare organisation hygiene" in order to focalise the attention to all care settings not only hospitals and to adopt the following definition: "all activities aimed to guarantee, in an appropriate, scientifically sound and efficient way, that structures and processes support healthcare practices in a safe comfortable and healthy environment both for patients, caregivers and healthcare workers". Hospital hygiene and its professionals, besides the long tradition, still remain a relevant pillar in guaranteeing quality and safety of healthcare in Italy.