Suchergebnisse

Organochlorine compounds (OCs), including pesticides and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), were determined in the serum of 499 cord blood samples from infants born during 2004−2006 in Valencia (Spain). The concentrations were found to be correlated with the region of origin of the mothers. Those from Latin-America gave birth to infants with higher 4,4′-DDE and 4,4′-DDT concentrations than those from Europe. On the contrary, European mothers had children with higher concentrations of hexachlorobenzene and PCBs than Latin-American mothers. These associations were independent of maternal period of stage in Valencia. Data examination with a multivariate model including maternal region of origin described 39−44% of the concentration variability of 4,4′-DDE and total PCBs with statistic significance. Other maternal variables found to significantly influence OC burden in newborns were age, education level, and body mass index (BMI). In general, older women, with higher education standards and higher BMI had infants with higher OC serum concentrations than younger women, with lower education scores and low BMI. The increase of 4,4′-DDT in newborns from mothers with high education levels and high BMI suggest that dissimilar maternal diets may be at the origin of some of these OC body burden differences. ; Spanish Ministry of Health and Ministry of Science and Innovation (INMA G03/176, Consolider Ingenio GRACCIE, CSD2007-00067, FIS-FEDER: 03/1615, 04/1112, 04/1509, 04/1666, 05/1987, 06/1213 and 09/2647), Council of Health from the Autonomous Valencian Government (Generalitat Valenciana), Fundacio Roger Torne, and ArcRisk EU Project (FP7-ENV-2008-1-226534). ; Peer reviewed

6 páginas, 2 figuras, 2 tablas. ; Polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed in blood serum of pregnant women and in cord blood serum of their newborns from a general population cohort (n = 174; Valencia, Spain). The most abundant PBDE congeners identified were BDE 47, BDE 99, BDE 153, BDE 154 and BDE 209. Their cord blood serum concentrations were about 45% of those in maternal serum but after lipid normalization median of total PBDEs was 9.6 ng/g lipid in cord serum (concentrations encompassing between not detected and 140 ng/g lipid) and 9.6 ng/ lipid in maternal serum(concentrations covering between not detected and 120 ng/g lipid). The distributions of these compounds were dominated by BDE 47 in both cases. In cord blood serum the decreasing order of abundance was BDE 47 > BDE 99 > BDE 209 > BDE 153 > BDE 154. The congener composition in maternal serum followed a similar trend: BDE 47 > BDE 153 > BDE 154 > BDE 209 > BDE 99. The congener concentrations exhibited a higher degree of correlation in cord blood than in maternal serum. Use of the maternal determinants for categorization of the observed maternal and fetal PBDE concentrations only showed significant associations for the levels in umbilical cord. Neonates from rural areas exhibited statistically significantly lower concentrations than those from urban, semi-urban or metropolitan sites. Maternal serum also showed this difference but the higher dispersion of the concentrations in maternal serum did not afford its recognition with statistical significance. The lower qualitative and quantitative variability in the PBDE concentrations of cord blood serum than maternal serum suggest that the latter is reflecting PBDE contributions from a wider diversity of sources than the former whereas cord blood sera seems to represent the long term standing stock of these compounds accumulated in the maternal tissues. ; The authors are grateful to the mothers who participated in the study and to Hospital La Fe. Funding was received from the Spanish Ministry of Health and Ministry of Science and Innovation (INMA G03/ 176, Consolider Ingenio GRACCIE, CSD2007-00067, FIS-FEDER: 03/ 1615, 04/1112, 04/1509, 04/1666, 05/1987, 06/1213 and 09/2647), Council of Health from the Autonomous Valencian Government (Generalitat Valenciana), Fundacio Roger Torne and ArcRisk EU Project (FP7-ENV-2008-1-226534) ; Peer reviewed

11 páginas, 4 figuras, 6 tablas. ; Prenatal levels of organohalogen compounds (OHCs), including polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexanes and DDTs have been investigated in two different cohorts from the Spanish Mediterranean area, Valencia and Menorca, by analysis of cord blood serum. Comparison of the observed median concentrations to other cohorts show low PBDE levels (2.8-6.8 ng/g lipid) but high values of HCB (0.68 ng/ml, 260 ng/g lipid) and PCBs (0.65 ng/ml, 240 ng/g lipid) in the cohort of Menorca indicating that Mediterranean areas, and not only high latitude regions, may contain population groups highly exposed to some of these pollutants. Significant differences in the concentrations of these compounds have been found between the two cohorts. Differences in maternal population such as age or body mass index cannot explain this variation. One possible cause of variability is the seven year time period elapsed between the two cohort recruitments but the strong differences observed do not allow exclusion of local diet differences. Thus, the different average PCB congener distributions between the two cohorts suggests an influence from materials containing diverse PCB mixtures. The congener mixtures found in Menorca could reflect a diet contribution from some western Mediterranean fish species. These results provide baseline information on prenatal OHC background levels in the Mediterranean area. ; The authors are grateful to the mothers who participated in the study and to Hospital La Fe. Funding was received from the Spanish Ministry of Health and Ministry of Science and Innovation (INMA G03/176, Consolider Ingenio GRACCIE, CSD2007-00067, FIS-FEDER: 03/1615, 04/1112, 04/1509, 04/1666, 05/1987, 06/1213 and 09/2647), Council of Health from the Autonomous Valencian Government (Generalitat Valenciana), Fundacio Roger Torne and ArcRisk EU Project (FP7-ENV-2008-1-226534). ; Peer reviewed

8 pages, 3 tables.-- PMID: 16911019 [PubMed]. ; The INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente [Environment and Childhood]) is a population-based cohort study in different Spanish cities, that focuses on prenatal environmental exposures and growth, development and health from early fetal life until childhood. The study focuses on five primary areas of research: (1) growth and physical development; (2) behavioural and cognitive development; (3) asthma and allergies; (4) sexual and reproductive development; and (5) environmental exposure pathways. The general aims of the project are: (1) to describe the degree of individual prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants, and the internal dose of chemicals during pregnancy, at birth and during childhood in Spain; (2) to evaluate the impact of the exposure to different contaminants on fetal and infant growth, health and development; (3) to evaluate the role of diet on fetal and infant growth, health and development; and (4) to evaluate the interaction between persistent pollutants, nutrients and genetic determinants on fetal and infant growth, health and development ; Extensive assessments will be carried out on 3100 pregnant women and children. Data will be collected by physical examinations, questionnaires, interviews, ultrasound and biological samples. Pregnant women are being assessed at 12, 20 and 32 weeks of gestation to collect information about environmental exposures and fetal growth. The children will be followed until the age of 4 years. ; We are grateful to all the mothers, their partners and the children who are taking part in the INMA Study, and to the midwives, obstetricians and paediatricians for their co-operation and help in recruitment and following up of the cohorts. This study could not have been undertaken without the financial support of the 'Instituto de Salud Carlos III' (G03/176) and 'RCESP' (C03/09). This study has also been supported in part by the 'Fundació "La Caixa"' for the Ribera d'Ebre cohort (97/009-00 and 00/077-00), the 'Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria' for the Valencia cohort (FIS 031615), the Menorca cohort (97/0588 and 00/0021-02), Asturias cohort (PI04-2018) and other PI04-1436, PI041509, PI041705, PI041666, PI041931, PI 04/2646, and the European Union Commission (QLK4-1999-01422) and Junta de Andalucía SAS (202/04) for the Granada cohort, and the Menorca cohort (QLK4-2000-00263). ; Peer reviewed

18 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables.-- PMID: 15913055 [PubMed]. ; [ESP] Cada vez existe mayor evidencia de la influencia de la dieta y de la exposición a dosis bajas de tóxicos durante la etapa prenatal y primera infancia sobre la salud y el bienestar en etapas posteriores de la vida. Siguiendo las recomendaciones de la OMS y de la Unión Europea en el año 2003 se constituyó la Red de Investigación Cooperativa Infancia y Medio Ambiente para estudiar los efectos del medio ambiente y la dieta en el desarrollo fetal e infantil en diversas zonas geográficas en España. La Red integra diversos grupos multidisciplinares de investigación y está constituida por seis cohortes, tres preexistentes y tres de novo, que seguirán de forma prospectiva a 3.600 mujeres embarazadas, desde el inicio del embarazo hasta los 4-6 años del niño. Los objetivos generales de la red son: (1) Describir la exposición individual a tóxicos ambientales durante la gestación y la primera infancia. (2) Evaluar los efectos de la exposición a tóxicos y de la dieta en el desarrollo fetal e infantil. (3) Evaluar la interacción entre factores tóxicos, nutricionales y genéticos en el desarrollo fetal e infantil. El seguimiento se realiza en cada trimestre de la gestación, al nacimiento, al año y hasta los cuatro o seis años del niño. La información se recoge mediante cuestionarios, datos clínicos, exploración física, ecografías, biomarcadores y mediciones ambientales. En este trabajo se presentan las características generales de la red y se describe la situación actual de cada una de las cohortes. ; [ENG] Increasingly greater evidence exists as to the influence which diet and exposure to low doses of toxic substances during the prenatal stage and early childhood has on health and well-being throughout later stages of life. Following the WHO and European Union recommendations in 2003, the Cooperative Environment and Childhood Research Network was set up to study the effects of the environment and diet on fetal and early childhood development in different geographical areas of Spain. This Network integrates different multidisciplinary research groups and is comprised of six cohorts - three pre-existing and three de novo - which will follow up prospectively 3,600 pregnant women, from the start of pregnancy up to age 4-6 years of the child. This network's general objectives are: (1) To describe individual exposure to toxic substances in the environment during gestation and early childhood. (2) To evaluate the effects of exposure to toxic substances and diet on fetal and early childhood development. (3) To evaluate the interaction among toxic, nutritional and genetic factors in fetal and early childhood development. The follow-up is done every three months during gestation, at birth, at age one and up to age four or six. The information is gathered by means of questionnaires, clinical data, physical examinations, echographs, biomarkers and environmental measurements. The general characteristics of the network and a description of the current situation of each one of the cohorts are provided in this study. ; La Red no se hubiera podido poner en marcha sin el apoyo económico del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (G03/176). El Estudio INMA ha recibido también ayudas de «Fundació La Caixa» para la cohorte de Ribera d'Ebre (97/009-00 and 00/077-00); de la Comisión de la Unión Europea (QLK4-1999-01422) para la cohorte de Granada; del «Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria» (FIS 031615), del Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (SAF 2002-03508), de la Generalitat Valenciana, Conselleria d'Empresa, Universitat i Ciencia (g03/136) para la cohorte de Valencia; del «Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria» (97/0588 y 00/0021-02) y de la Comisión de la Unión Europea (QLK4-2000-00263) para la cohorte de Menorca. ; Peer reviewed

Objective To examine the effects of prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on rapid growth in the first 6 months of life and overweight at 14 months of age. Design and Methods In a Spanish birth cohort study, the POPs dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs - congeners 153, 138, 180) were measured in maternal serum collected in the first trimester of pregnancy during 2003-2008. Rapid growth was defined as a z-score weight gain >0.67 SD between 6 months of age and birth. Overweight at 14 months was defined as a BMI z-score ≥85th percentile. Generalized linear models examined the association between POPs and rapid growth (N = 1285) and overweight (N = 1198). Results The analysis population included 24% rapid growers and 30% overweight infants. DDE and HCB were positively associated with rapid growth and with overweight. There was some indication that infant sex and exclusive breastfeeding duration may modify the effects of DDE, and that maternal prepregnancy BMI status may influence the effects of HCB. PCBs were not related to postnatal growth. Conclusion Prenatal exposure to DDE and HCB may be associated with early postnatal growth. Further research is needed to evaluate the persistence of these associations at older ages. ; a Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain b Hospital de Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain c CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain d Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain e Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North North Carolina, Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States f Centre for Public Health Research (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia, Spain g School of Nursing, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain h Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, Gipuzkoa, Spain i Donostia Biomedical Research Institute (BIODONOSTIA), Gipuzkoa, Spain j Public Health Laboratory of Gipuzkoa, Gipuzkoa, Spain k Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain l Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain ; Peer reviewed