Suchergebnisse

La diversidad sexual es la norma en el ser humano y lejos de sentir temor y rechazo por ella, deberíamos protegerla y promoverla. En este artículo se realiza una revisión acerca de las posibles causas de ese temor hacia la diversidad sexual. Se conceptualiza las diferentes dimensiones en torno a las cuales la sexualidad puede ser vivenciada de formas muy distintas. Se realiza un recorrido para comprender que la heterogeneidad sexual nos ha acompañado desde los inicios de nuestra existencia, cómo ha sido vista por la sociedad y por la ciencia, señalando los hitos fundamentales, los principales autores que han realizado aportaciones relevantes para acabar con una visión categorial de la orientación sexual y cómo ha evolucionado la consideración de la homosexualidad en los diferentes manuales de clasificación de problemas mentales. También se hace referencia a los estragos que causa la LGTBfobia entra las personas que se apartan del heterocentrismo vigente, los hitos en la lucha social por los derechos sexuales del colectivo LGTBI, las mejoras legislativas en España y el camino que nos queda por recorrer. ; Sexual diversity is the norm in human beings and far from feeling fear and rejection, we should protect and promote it. This paper reviews the possible causes of this fear towards sexual diversity. It conceptualizes the different dimensions around which sexuality can be experienced in very different ways. A historical journey is made to understand that sexual heterogeneity has accompanied us from the beginning of our existence, how it has been seen by society and by science, pointing out the fundamental milestones, the main authors who have made relevant contributions to end up with a categorical vision of sexual orientation and how the consideration of homosexuality has evolved in the different manuals of classification of mental problems. Reference is also made to the havoc caused by LGTBphobia among people who depart from the current heterocentrism, the milestones in the social struggle for the sexual rights of the LGTBI community, the legislative improvements in Spain and the road ahead.

El sexismo se define como una actitud discriminatoria dirigida hacia las personas en virtud de su pertenencia a un determinado sexo biológico, y, por tanto, las actitudes sexistas constituyen el eje principal sobre el que se mantienen las relaciones de desigualdad entre hombres y mujeres. Así, es importante tener en cuenta que, aunque en los países occidentales el sexismo se manifiesta de forma más sutil, investigaciones recientes corroboran que la ciudadanía continúa teniendo creencias sexistas. Por ello, nos proponemos identificar las actitudes sexistas de una muestra de 692 participantes (71.1% mujeres, 28.9% hombres) de entre 18 y 70 años, y explorar las variables sociodemográficas asociadas a un perfil más sexista. Para ello, se administró el Inventario de Sexismo Ambivalente, que evalúa tanto el sexismo hostil como el sexismo benevolente. Los resultados revelan que el 26.9% de la muestra presenta actitudes sexistas, siendo más común el sexismo benevolente (34.8%). Las personas que presentan este tipo de actitudes son, en mayor medida, hombres (t = 8.82, p < .000), con una orientación heterosexual (F = 7.87, p < .000) y un nivel de estudios bajo (F = 8.13, p < .000). La edad también presenta una relación positiva y estadísticamente significativa con las actitudes sexistas (r = .244, p < .000). Así, se concluye que más de una cuarta parte de la muestra presenta actitudes sexistas, manifestadas de forma sutil, y que son más prevalentes entre los adultos jóvenes de género masculino, heterosexuales y con un nivel de estudios medio-bajo.

Treatment adherence : a theoretical analysis / María José Méndez Martos ... [et al.] -- Treatment adherence in chronic kidney disease : a review of the literature / Carolina Santillán Torres Torija -- Chronic kidney disease : graft nephropathy multifactors / Nicolina Calvanese ... [et al.] -- Paradox in health services : arterial reactivity to medical consultation in normotensive persons / Angélica Riveros Rosas and Patricia Ortega-Andeane -- Analytic framework for the study of treatment adherence : results of research in Cuban hypertensive patients / Libertad de los Ángeles Martín Alfonso, Héctor Demetrio Bayarre Vea, and Jorge Amado Grau Ábalo -- Psychosocial factors, adherence treatment, and metabolic control in type 2 diabetic Chilean patients / Manuel Ortiz Parada, Eugenia Ortiz Parada, and Pablo Vera-Villaroel -- Socioeconomic trajectories across the life course and HIV/AIDS adherence behaviors among affected women / Marcela Arrivillaga Quintero, Michael W. Ross, and María Teresa Varela Arévalo -- Challenges to antiretroviral adherence : health beliefs, social support, and gender role in non-adherent men living with HIV in Puerto Rico / Karen Nieves-Lugo and José Toro-Alfonso -- Adherence to treatment in spanish HIV patients : psychological profile associated with adherence behavior / Rafael Ballester Arnal ... [et al.] -- Psychological and biological variables among HIV 100% adherent patients : a path analysis / Julio Alfonso Piña López ... [et al.]

Spain is one of the countries with the highest incidence of HIV within the European Union. Multiple and complex factors influence HIV infection in young people. This study aims to determine the influence of sexual sensation seeking, sexual compulsivity and perceived sexual pleasure variables in condom use. A total of 424 heterosexual youth were evaluated (M age = 20.62; SD = 2.62) distributed into a risk group (60.7%) and a no-risk group (39.3%). Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale, AIDS Prevention Questionnaire, Sexual Compulsivity Scale, and Sexual Pleasure Perceived Scale were administered. Results indicate statistically significant differences in sexual sensation seeking (p=.001), failure to control sexual impulses (p=.030), perceived sexual pleasure with a condom (p=.027) and without a condom (p=.001). The regression analysis revealed that three factors explained about 14% of the variance in condom use: sexual sensation seeking and sexual pleasure perceived without a condom (risk factors), and sexual pleasure perceived with a condom (protective factor). It is necessary to incorporate these variables into HIV prevention programs to reduce the number of infections in young people. ; This work was supported by Universidad Jaume I-Fundación Bancaixa (P1 1B2006-19); and the Spanish foundation for AIDS research and prevention known as Fundación para la Investigación y la Prevención del Sida en España (exp. 36639/07).

Spain is one of the countries with the highest incidence of HIV within the European Union. Multiple and complex factors influence HIV infection in young people. This study aims to determine the influence of sexual sensation seeking, sexual compulsivity and perceived sexual pleasure variables in condom use. A total of 424 heterosexual youth were evaluated (M age = 20.62; SD = 2.62) distributed into a risk group (60.7%) and a no-risk group (39.3%). Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale, AIDS Prevention Questionnaire, Sexual Compulsivity Scale, and Sexual Pleasure Perceived Scale were administered. Results indicate statistically significant differences in sexual sensation seeking (p=.001), failure to control sexual impulses (p=.030), perceived sexual pleasure with a condom (p=.027) and without a condom (p=.001). The regression analysis revealed that three factors explained about 14% of the variance in condom use: sexual sensation seeking and sexual pleasure perceived without a condom (risk factors), and sexual pleasure perceived with a condom (protective factor). It is necessary to incorporate these variables into HIV prevention programs to reduce the number of infections in young people.

AbstractVisual sexual stimuli (VSS) are often used to induce affective responses in experimental research, but can also be useful in the assessment and treatment of sexual disorders (e.g., sexual arousal dysfunctions, paraphilic disorders, compulsive sexual behaviors). This systematic literature review of standardized sets containing VSS was conducted by searching electronic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) from January 1999 to December 2022 for specific keywords [("picture set" OR "picture database" OR "video set" OR "video database" OR "visual set" OR "visual database") AND ("erotic stimuli" OR "sexual stimuli" OR "explicit erotic stimuli" OR "explicit sexual stimuli")]. Selected sets were narratively summarized according to VSS (modality, duration, explicitness, shown sexes, sexual practices, physical properties, emotion models, affective ratings) and participants' characteristics (gender, sexual orientation and sexual preferences, cultural and ethnic diversity). Among the 20 sets included, researchers can select from ~ 1,390 VSS (85.6% images, 14.4% videos). Most sets contain VSS of opposite- and some of same-sex couples, but rarely display diverse sexual practices. Although sexual orientation and preferences strongly influence the evaluation of VSS, little consideration of both factors has been given. There was little representation of historically underrepresented cultural and ethnic groups. Therefore, our review suggests limitations and room for improvement related to the representation of gender, sexual orientation, sexual preferences, and especially cultural and ethnic diversity. Perceived shortcomings in experimental research using VSS are highlighted, and recommendations are discussed for representative stimuli for conducting and evaluating sexual affective responses in laboratory and clinical contexts while increasing the replicability of such findings.

The link between Compulsive Sexual Behavior (CSB) and atypical sexual interests is elusive. This study aimed to provide preliminary insights into the relationship between both aspects. The study sample comprised 61 self-identified straight men. CSB was measured through a composite self-report index assessing symptoms of CSB, whereas sexual interests –atypical and normophilic– were assessed objectively through penile plethysmography. The CSB index had small, non-significant correlation with greater sexual response to different sexual stimuli ( rgeneral sexual responsiveness=.127 [95% CI: −.137, .384]). In terms of overall sexual interest, increased scores on the CSB index had small, non-significant correlation with a higher preference for younger sexual stimuli ( r = −.098 [95% CI: −.499, .215]) and persuasive sex ( r = .10 [95% CI: −.168, .316]). Finally, CSB had a moderate correlation with sexual response when presented with stimuli depicting "female toddler coercive" ( r = .27 [95% CI: −.083, .544]). We conclude that our findings do not support the hypotheses that CSB is significantly related to an increased arousability across sexual stimuli. The study findings also suggest that CSB may be, to a small degree, predisposed to experience sexual attraction toward children. Given the preliminary nature of the study, these conclusions warrant further research. Alternative explanations for the study findings related to the particular components of CSB that may be related to typical and atypical sexual interests are also considered.

AbstractBackgroundThis paper presents a description of the development and psychometric properties of a self‐report instrument for the assessment of sexual behaviour and concerns of people with mild intellectual disabilities (SEBECOMID‐S).Methods and proceduresThe study included 281 people with mild intellectual disabilities. The psychometric properties were examined through exploratory factorial analysis, descriptive statistics, and reliability indices.ResultsThe exploratory factor analyses offered a structure with three factors: concern about the appropriateness of their sexual behaviour, sexual practices performed, and safe sex practices. The model presents an excellent fit (χ2/df = 1.10, RMSEA = 0.019, CFI = 0.997, TLI = 0.995, and SRMR = 0.065). General test reliability was good (α = 0.77, Ω = 0.76).ConclusionsSEBECOMID‐S is a valid and reliable tool to obtain objective information about the sexual behaviour and concerns of people with mild intellectual disabilities. The use of this instrument will make it possible to adjust their training to their real experiences, making it more effective.

AbstractBackgroundDespite the relevance of assessing sexual knowledge in people with Intellectual Disability, there is a lack of appropriate assessment tools to measure this domain. The current study tests the psychometric properties of the new 'Inventory of Sexual Knowledge of people with Intellectual Disability' (ISK‐ID).Method345 individuals with mild intellectual disability completed the ISK‐ID before and after the implementation of a sexual education program. Psychometric properties of the ISK‐ID were analysed according to Multidimensional Item Response Theory (MIRT).ResultsIts underlying factorial structure, along with parameters derived from the MIRT (item discrimination, difficulty, and participant's ability), support the use of the ISK‐ID as a measure of sexual knowledge. Moreover, the ISK‐ID was able to detect changes in the level of sexual knowledge resulting from educational interventions (i.e., responsiveness).ConclusionsThe ISK‐ID is an appropriate assessment tool to measure sexual knowledge in men and women with mild intellectual disability.