Suchergebnisse

Violence against Women (VAW) is considered a gender-specific human rights violation and is a form of discrimination that perpetuates women's subordination and patriarchal structures throughout all levels of society. Research continues to demonstrate that the legal instruments dealing with sexual offences in Bangladesh have significant limitations and fail to meet international standards. This article identifies gaps between Bangladeshi domestic legal instruments and international legal instruments. In order to uncover and analyse the gaps, I employed thematic analysis techniques and a feminist legal theoretical lens. The findings of the study show that there are significant gaps and limitations regarding the conceptualisation of sexual violence, trial process, medical tests, variability of punishment, and protecting rights of victims in the present Bangladeshi legal instruments in comparison to the international instruments. This research provides insight into the alarming situation of sexual violence against women in Bangladesh and the problematic gaps within legal instruments in that nation, which governmental and academic authorities must consider if they are to be effective in preventing violence against women in Bangladesh.

Female criminality is one of the important phenomena in popular media and also in academic discourse of contemporary scholastic arena like sociology, criminology, psychology and anthropology. The changing nature of female's roles in capitalist system instigate female more to involve in violent and property crimes. The main intent of the study is to review the major theories of female criminality such as masculinization, opportunity, marginalization and chivalry. The authors also tried to shed light on the acceptability and validity of female criminality theories on female criminal activities. This study mainly relies on secondary sources. Data have been collected from journal articles, books, research reports, government documents and so on. Among the theories of masculinization, opportunity, marginalization and chivalry; marginalization theory is the most relevant and significant for analyzing causes of female criminality in contemporary third world societies. On the other hand, masculinities and opportunities theories are sometimes partially applicable to predict criminality of women in first world countries.

From the dawn of human civilization, the existence of crimeand punishment are acutely noticeable. Paradoxically, crime and punishment are interrelated termed with each other in contemporary criminology. The prime objective of the study is to identify the changing nature and forms of the philosophy of punishment from historical perspectives. Moreover, the study also tried to find out the associated factors, which contribute to the philosophical change from ancient period to modern age. The review paper is based on secondary sources as well as historical documents like journal articles, authentic books. There are three basic eras perceptible in accordance with the historical viewpoint which are pre classical, classical and modern having retributive, deterrent, rehabilitative and re-integrative philosophies of punishment respectively. The nature of punishment changed due to the impact of political movement especially the French Revolution, industrialization, advancement of science and technology, advent of law enforcing agencies viz., police, courts, and correction systems. Although, the modern philosophy ofpunishment is re-integrative and rehabilitative, but still punishment itself is a debatable issues from different points of view such as existentialism and postmodernism.