Suchergebnisse

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a hydrodynamic mathematical‐modelling study to investigate the flooding problem and to recommend various flood‐alleviation measures for the White Cart Water on the southern side of Glasgow. The mathematical model covers 36 km of the White Cart to the tidal reaches at the confluence with the River Clyde, and includes 7 km of one of the major tributaries where regular flooding is also a problem. A key aspect of the study was the close proximity of the modelling team which permitted a close scrutiny of the river during high‐flow events. From these observations the team obtained a thorough appreciation of river behaviour during potential flood situations, which provided a reliable and comprehensive set of data for model calibration over a wide range of conditions. The proposals for flood alleviation have far‐reaching implications and require major capital expenditure. At present they are being examined by Strathclyde Regional Council in consultation with the many interested parties.

AbstractNew hydrogeochemical data from Kosova and southern Siberia agree with previous studies from Botswana and Moldova in suggesting that high densities of pit latrines (and other domestic pollution sources) in rural villages can result in contamination of potable groundwater supplies by microbes and nitrate. Concentrations in excess of 100 mg/l nitrate have been recorded in each of these areas, at which levels small children may be endangered by methaemoglobinaemia. The sanitation and water‐supply conditions are believed to be typical of large areas of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. It is likely that poor sanitation and conflict with potable‐water supplies are among the main sources of environmental risk to populations in these areas, rather than the industrial and military contamination upon which so many international collaborative programmes have focused.

Frie emneord: Olje \" \" : Tungmetaller A former Soviet military armoured vehicle workshop has been subject to site investigation to examine soil and groundwater contamination. Site investiga- tions have indicated that groundwater is contaminated by hydrocarbons, free phase LNAPL oil being found in one of the boreholes (borehole 3 beneath the scrapyard). Soils at the site are contamonated by oil and the heavy metals, Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd. Risk assessment techniques have been applied to make a so-called \"Tier2\" assessment of risk to human health and risk to water resources. The asessment has concluded that contamination from the site will not reach the River Daugava within 39 years, even without taking into account sorption and biodegradation. The risk assessment concludes that the site can remain in its current usage or be redeveloped for commercial purposes without any risk to human health. The assessment predicts no unacceptable risk to off-site groundwater resour- ces (well in Quaternary aquifer at 200 m distance or bore in Devonian at 500 m distance) or to the River Daugava from the site. If the site id redeveloped for residential use or for open public access (parkland), an unacceptable human health risk may be present. If suck redevel- opment is proposed, either (a) a \"Tier 3\" risk assessment should be carried out to make a more refined, less conservative assessment of risk or (b) cleanup of selected areas shoould be carried out to cited risk-based clean-up levels. ; 45572

Frie emneord: Olje A former Soviet military fuel depot has been subject to site investigation to examine soil and groundwater contamination. Risk assessment techniques have been applied to make a so-called \"Tier 2\" assessment of risk to human health and risk to water resourced from the site. The assessment has consluded that contamination from the site will not reach the nearest surface water body within 35 years, even without taking into account sorption and biodegradation. The risk assessment also concludes that the site can remain in its current usage or be redeveloped for commercial purposes without any risk to human health. The assessment predicts no unacceptable risk to groundwater resources or to the River Daugava from the site. If the site is redeveloped for residential use or for open public access (parkland), an unacceptable human health risk may be present. If such redevel- opment is proposed, either (a) a \"Tier3\" risk assessment should be carried out to make a more refined, less conservative assessment of risk or (b) cleanup of selected areas should be carried out to cited risk-based clean-up levels. ; 45569

Frie emneord: Olje \" \" : Tungmetaller A former Soviet military armoured vehicle workshop has been subject to site investigation to examine soil and groundwater contamination. Site investiga- tions have indicated that groundwater is contaminated by hydrocarbons, free phase LNAPL oil being found in one of the boreholes (borehole 3 beneath the scrapyard). Soils at the site are contamonated by oil and the heavy metals, Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd. Risk assessment techniques have been applied to make a so-called \"Tier2\" assessment of risk to human health and risk to water resources. The asessment has concluded that contamination from the site will not reach the River Daugava within 39 years, even without taking into account sorption and biodegradation. The risk assessment concludes that the site can remain in its current usage or be redeveloped for commercial purposes without any risk to human health. The assessment predicts no unacceptable risk to off-site groundwater resour- ces (well in Quaternary aquifer at 200 m distance or bore in Devonian at 500 m distance) or to the River Daugava from the site. If the site id redeveloped for residential use or for open public access (parkland), an unacceptable human health risk may be present. If suck redevel- opment is proposed, either (a) a \"Tier 3\" risk assessment should be carried out to make a more refined, less conservative assessment of risk or (b) cleanup of selected areas shoould be carried out to cited risk-based clean-up levels. ; 45571

Frie emneord: Olje A former Soviet military fuel depot has been subject to site investigation to examine soil and groundwater contamination. Risk assessment techniques have been applied to make a so-called \"Tier 2\" assessment of risk to human health and risk to water resourced from the site. The assessment has consluded that contamination from the site will not reach the nearest surface water body within 35 years, even without taking into account sorption and biodegradation. The risk assessment also concludes that the site can remain in its current usage or be redeveloped for commercial purposes without any risk to human health. The assessment predicts no unacceptable risk to groundwater resources or to the River Daugava from the site. If the site is redeveloped for residential use or for open public access (parkland), an unacceptable human health risk may be present. If such redevel- opment is proposed, either (a) a \"Tier3\" risk assessment should be carried out to make a more refined, less conservative assessment of risk or (b) cleanup of selected areas should be carried out to cited risk-based clean-up levels. ; 45570

A total of 421 military units were built at 275 sites in Lithuania during the years of Soviet occupation. These units had an important influence on the environment of the country as many of the sites were contaminated by oil products, organic materials and chemicals. After the withdrawal of the Russian army it was necessary to urgently evaluate the extent of military pollution in order to assess possible future use of the sites for defence and\/or non-mili- tary purposes. An appropriate methodology was consequently required for such an assessment. An international team consisting of scientists from the Geological Survey of Lithuania, the Geological Survey of Norway, the Canadian Department of National Defence and the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment were awarded a NATO Scientific Affairs Division Grant for the development of a methodology for investigations of soil\/groundwater contamination at former military sites in Lithuania. The results of this co-operative work are presented in this report. ; 44265