Suchergebnisse

U članku se upućuje na važnost nekih aspekata polustoljetne modernizacije u Hrvatskoj (1945. – 1990.) koja je donijela industrijsku transformaciju države i promjenu strukture stanovništva. Cilj je pokazati utjecaj javnih politika, tj. racionalizacije odlučivanja na primjerima modernizacijskih procesa u stambenim i komunalnim politikama.
Paternalistička uloga države s jasnim nedostatkom pluralnosti bila je vidljiva u svakom segmentu gospodarskoga, političkoga i društvenoga života. Mjere za brzu gospodarsku i socijalnu transformaciju društva započele su još tijekom rata. Velike državne intervencije bile su naglašene u industrijalizaciji i urbanizaciji, koje su pratile migracije
radne snage iz ruralnih u urbana područja. Zbog velikoga broja novih stanovnika gradova vlasti su posvećivale veliku pozornost stambenim i komunalnim politikama. Istovremeno ovaj rad smjera upozoriti na segmente
političkoga odlučivanja koji do sada nisu bili promatrani kroz dimenziju javnih politika na primjeru nekih aspekata modernizacije urbanoga života u Hrvatskoj. U zaključku se upućuje na mogući interdisciplinarni okvir istraživanja problema javnih politika u povijesnoj dimenziji.

The subject of this paper are the ethno-demographical changes in the area of Slavonia during the last decade of the twentieth century. Focus is primarily turned to negative influences (direct and indirect) of socio-political changes on the mechanical movement of population. Especially, the influence of war on the movement of Serbian and Slavonic population in general is apostrophized. Leading hypothesis is that the peaceful reintegration of East Slavonia, Srem and Baranja caused less demographic shifts then the military operation 'Flash' in West Slavonia. Used methodology consists of statistical analysis and interpretation of data collected from censuses and other secondary publications that featured data relevant to the subject of this research. The authors show the afore mentioned changes in ethnic composition of the population on several different levels (city level, municipality level and county level) following the modern day administrative distribution of counties in the Republic of Croatia to ensure comparability of two most recent population censuses (1991 - 2001). Contemporary demographic structure of Slavonia is formed by inherited negative trends in population movements from previous periods in history and a considerably strong mechanical drain of autochthonous population and the influx of new one from neighboring countries in the 1990s. Political and territorial changes as well as war conflicts that followed the collapse of the Yugoslav Federation carried with them clear characteristics of ethnic conflict, making the consequences particularly noticeable through selective war mortality, forced and impelled migrations and changes in the ethnic composition of certain areas. Population census in 2001. registered the absolute and relative decrease in population of Serbian nationality in Slavonia, or to be more accurate decrease of the population of Serbian nationality from 167,094 or 17.1% of the total population in 1991, to 78,085 or 8.8% in 2001. It can be concluded that the impaired sex-age structure of the Serbian population, along with the absence of a larger number of returnees of a younger fertile demographical profile from surrounding countries, predominantly from Serbia, will further influence the demographic aging of the observed populations, and therefore the decline of their share in certain areas along with increased ethnic homogenization of parts of Slavonia, i.e. Croatia. Somewhat more favorable demographic structure of the Serbian population is kept in Eastern Slavonia, where there were no mass emigrations. .

This paper is result of research on the specificities of migration and their influence on the aging of women in particular island surroundings as well as on the causes and social consequences of these processes. It also discusses certain domains of the quality of life valued by the elderly. In addition to providing a theoretical overview, the authors present data collected by methods of secondary data analysis, and observation and semi-structured interviews in an effort to provide insight into aging on the Croatian islands from a gender standpoint. The qualitative data used were collected during several researches carried out from 2003 to 2013 within the project entitled "The influence of migrations on the regional development of Croatia". The analysis focuses mainly on the experience of elderly women who live in small island communities, defined on the basis of similar economic, social and psychological parameters regardless of the island size. The data presented in this paper indicate that the aging of women on the islands and the quality of their life in later years are dependent on a number of factors – personal or family member (non)involvement in migration, size of the community in which they live, degree of island isolation, quality of existing infrastructure, personal health, degree of participation in social life etc. Additionally, notwithstanding their individual specific life cycle or the island on which they reside, a high level of activity into very old age is a common denominator for elderly island women. In conclusion, due to current demographic trends, the authors expect the continuation of the process of population aging on the Croatian islands, increase in the number of predominantly female single households and continuation of equality in the division of roles between island males and females outside the home, with concurrent maintaining of "female roles" in the home and in caring for the elderly (professionally or volunteer), which will strengthen some quality of life related issues for the inhabitants of small island communities.