Passive geoacoustic inversion contribution to the Rapid Environmental Assessment - use of sources of opportunity ; Inversion géoacoustique passive pour l'évaluation rapide de l'environnement : utilisation de sources d'opportunité
The geoacoustic inversion aims at giving an estimate of the oceanographic properties impacting the acoustic propagation. Most of the current geoacoustic inversion methods are active methods. However, the environment protection policy as well as military necessity of discretion is leading the community into working on less invasive and more discrete inversion schemes. The main idea of passive geoacoustic inversion is to take advantage of opportunity sources by listening to the effect of the environmental properties on their propagation. This PhD work focuses on the development and the validation of a new passive geoacoustic inversion scheme relying on marine mammals frequency modulations recorded on a single hydrophone in shallow waters. This mono-receiver method uses the multipath propagation. The processing of a set of calls provide an estimate of the reflexion coefficient regarding the grazing angle. High resolution separation tools based on bespoke time warping operators have been developed to improve the range of the method in case of not reported multipaths. When the paths remains unresolved (thus unidentified), others tools have been implemented that allows to locate the source with groups of unidentified paths. This localisation can be reached in 3D using only one receiver in varied bathymetry. We analyse the directivity for the high-frequency signals we planed to use and demonstrate how to take into account the directivity as soon as the source directivity pattern is available. ; L'inversion géoacoustique permet d'estimer les propriétés du milieu marin à partir de ses effets sur la propagation acoustique. Les politiques de protection de l'environnement, mais également les besoins militaires liés à la discrétion, ont conduit la communauté à se pencher sur des alternatives discrètes et moins invasives que les méthodes actuelles actives. En contexte passif, l'environnement est étudié à partir de son impact sur la propagation de signaux émis par des sources d'opportunité déjà présentes dans le milieu. Les ...