Suchergebnisse

A survey of animal welfare agencies and corrections departments across Australia was conducted to compile a nationwide profile of prison dog programs, wherein inmates train dogs while learning skills to assist their rehabilitation. Most programs operating in 23 prisons in six Australian states were a community service design administered by animal welfare organizations. Inmates benefit through opportunities to train the dogs, give back to society, gain a sense of responsibility, improve self-confidence and social skills, and acquire vocational qualifications to improve job opportunities postrelease. Barriers identified included insufficient funding, limited training opportunities for the dogs, and some staff resistance.

Half-Title Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Foreword -- Contents -- Contributors -- Introduction -- PART 1: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVESON RURAL CRIME -- Locating rural crime: The role of theory -- Crime in rural and regional areas -- Community and crime in rural Australia -- PART 2: ISSUES IN RURAL CRIMINOLOGY -- Farm victimisation: The quintessential rural crime -- The Stock Squad -- Alcohol and drug problems in rural and regional Australia -- Youth Programs -- Violence and the architecture of rural life -- Young people and crime in rural communities -- PART 3: POLICY AND THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE -- Fear, law and order and politics: Tales of two rural towns -- Policing in rural Australia: The country cop as law enforcer and local resident -- Rural Policing -- Crime, justice and Indigenous people -- Crime prevention and rural communities -- Punishment and the courts in rural communities -- A View from the Bench -- References -- Index.

1. Introduction : the problem of pleasure : theoretical foundations / R.I. Mawby -- 2. The paradox of cinematic sexualized violence as entertainment / Jane Monckton Smith -- 3. Crime time : the rise of police programming on television / Jenny Wise and Alyce McGovern -- 4. The making, shaking and taking of public spaces / Rob White -- 5. Playgrounds without frontiers : movin', moddin', pushing the boundaries of pleasure / Zannagh Hatton -- 6. Impermissible pleasures in UK leisure : exploring policy developments in alcohol and illicit drugs / Karenza Moore and Fiona Measham -- 7. The problem of access : outdoor leisure activities and access to private rural land / Elaine Barclay and Joseph F. Donnermeyer -- 8. Public disorder, antisocial behaviour and alcohol-related crime : from the metropolis to the tourist resort / R.I. Mawby -- 9. Sin City vs. Fantasyland : crime, legislation, and policing in two different tourism environments / Ross Wolf and Hugh Potter -- 10. 'There can be no orcs in New Zealand' : do media representations of crime tarnish tourism? / John W. Buttle and James Rodgers -- 11. Visitor perceptions of crime-safety and attitudes towards risk : the case of Table Mountain National Park, Cape Town / Richard George -- 12. Crime and safety within caravan populations : an Australian survey / Elaine Barclay and R.I. Mawby -- 13. Tourist victimization : an exploratory survey from Ghana / Kwaku Boakye -- 14. The tourist victim : paradise lost or paradise regained?

Over the past quarter century, a growing volume of rural-focused criminological work has emerged. In this article, the literature related to three rural criminological issues are examined and discussed in terms of their lessons for critical criminology. Research on rural communities and crime is examined as a way to criticize and challenge mainstream criminological theories and concepts like social disorganisation and collective efficacy, and to remind critical criminologists of the importance for developing critical perspectives for place-based or ecological theories of crime. Agricultural crime studies are discussed in terms of the need to develop a critical criminology of agriculture and food. Finally, criminological studies of rural 'others' is used to show the need for critical criminologists to give greater analytic attention to divisions and marginalities of peoples living in smaller and more isolated places based on gender, race, and lifestyles, among other factors.

We use Weick's sense-making and Lipsky's street-level bureaucracy to tease out understandings and perspectives about youth night patrol services in New South Wales, Australia. We examine synergies, tensions, and contradictions in the different ways participants make sense of the purpose of youth night patrols and their role in service delivery. Although all the service were based on the same model, used the same program logic, and reported against the same measureable outcomes, they all looked different on the ground. We explore these differences in the light of participants' sense-making efforts, demonstrating that a unitary policy does not necessarily result in similarity of program delivery.

AbstractThis paper examines social factors that are associated with crime in two rural Australian communities with high proportions of Aboriginal people. It draws upon the theoretical contributions of Braithwaite (1989) to explain how levels of community integration and cohesion affect the presence of crime. Data for the case studies are derived from secondary statistics, surveys, observation and in‐depth interviews. Existing literature on crime in Australia emphasises the disproportionate representation of Aboriginal people within the criminal justice system. Yet, by comparing and contrasting the two communities, the analysis demonstrated that social structural and perceptual characteristics, rather than Indigenous status, account for high levels of crime in one community and low levels in the other. The analyses demonstrate that communities with high levels of social cohesion can ameliorate the affects of social disorganisation, division, and disadvantage in communities with high Aboriginal populations. It further demonstrates that rural crime is a complex and multi‐faceted phenomenon.

Fungi have evolved an array of spore discharge and dispersal processes. Here, we developed a theoretical model that explains the ejection mechanics of aeciospore liberation in the stem rust pathogen Puccinia graminis. Aeciospores are released from cluster cups formed on its Berberis host, spreading early-season inoculum into neighboring small-grain crops. Our model illustrates that during dew or rainfall, changes in aeciospore turgidity exerts substantial force on neighboring aeciospores in cluster cups whilst gaps between spores become perfused with water. This perfusion coats aeciospores with a lubrication film that facilitates expulsion, with single aeciospores reaching speeds of 0.053 to 0.754 m·s−1. We also used aeciospore source strength estimates to simulate the aeciospore dispersal gradient and incorporated this into a publicly available web interface. This aids farmers and legislators to assess current local risk of dispersal and facilitates development of sophisticated epidemiological models to potentially curtail stem rust epidemics originating on Berberis.

Fungi have evolved an array of spore discharge and dispersal processes. Here, we developed a theoretical model that explains the ejection mechanics of aeciospore liberation in the stem rust pathogen Puccinia graminis. Aeciospores are released from cluster cups formed on its Berberis host, spreading early-season inoculum into neighboring small-grain crops. Our model illustrates that during dew or rainfall, changes in aeciospore turgidity exerts substantial force on neighboring aeciospores in cluster cups whilst gaps between spores become perfused with water. This perfusion coats aeciospores with a lubrication film that facilitates expulsion, with single aeciospores reaching speeds of 0.053 to 0.754 m·s(−1). We also used aeciospore source strength estimates to simulate the aeciospore dispersal gradient and incorporated this into a publicly available web interface. This aids farmers and legislators to assess current local risk of dispersal and facilitates development of sophisticated epidemiological models to potentially curtail stem rust epidemics originating on Berberis.