Suchergebnisse

1. Child murders : a global, historical perspective of an enduring practice -- 2. The media landscape : changing values, changing content -- 3. Mom slays tot : film at 11 -- 4. The famous and the infamous : how the media construct celebrity "monster" moms -- 5. The storytellers' stories -- 6. New media, new stories? Mothers use social media.

Post-traumatic stress (PTS) is a common reaction after witnessing a violent event, and individuals who have experienced trauma may relive the event, avoid people or situations that remind them of the trauma, or experience negative thoughts and hyperarousal. When symptoms persist, an individual may receive a medical diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). While nearly eight million Americans, including combat veterans, have PTSD in a given year, few studies have explored how the condition is represented in the mass media. This content analysis examines sources' characterization of PTSD in New York Times articles. Results show that news stories framed PTSD as a long-term problem, with little chance for recovery, a frame that could negatively affect public policy decisions.

This study investigates the ability of an individual to integrate probabilistic information from a number of sources, and focuses particularly on the extent to which this integration is influenced by display proximity in space, time, and object configuration. In support of the principle of compatibility of proximity, the data indicated that integration performance was clearly ordered according to the degree of display integrality: those in the more integral rectangle conditions were significantly better at integration than those in the bar graph condition. Proximity of space had little effect upon performance, whereas proximity in time significantly improved performance in all three format conditions. Speed stress significantly hindered performance in all three format conditions. Finally, memory for isolated unintegrated attributes of a cue was not harmed by the increasing integrality of the rectangle formats.

The qualities of a good leader are frequently aligned with traditional gender norms: men are viewed as aggressive and competitive and are considered 'natural' leaders, while women are viewed as submissive and nurturing – qualities seen as antithetical to good leadership. The news media help shape public understanding of leadership through reporting, and to understand better the relationship between gender norms and leadership, this qualitative study examined journalists' perspectives on leadership in Vietnam, a country where women have played a role in building the country's financial stability but not necessarily benefitted from the country's economic progress. In-depth interviews were conducted with sixteen Vietnamese journalists (eight women and eight men) to explore their perspectives on women's roles as leaders in their home countries. Researchers learned that journalists have internalized traditional gender scripts. They acknowledge that women can be good leaders, but they question whether women should devote time and energy to work that takes them away from their families. Journalists say that, irrespective of whether women take on leadership roles, they must put family first; however, men are not held to the same standard. Research suggests that journalists see gender roles as fixed and men as the most suited for leadership roles.

This study combines two research methods to explore how female leaders are portrayed in the news in Vietnam, and Vietnamese journalists' perception of female and male leaders. Content analysis indicated that female leaders are under- and misrepresented. Female leader sources seldom appear in the news. When they do, they are more likely to be interviewed on traditionally feminine issues. Survey findings demonstrated that gender stereotypes are pervasive among journalists, influencing their perception of news sources. Journalists believe male sources possess stronger work-oriented and agentic traits while female sources are more socially oriented and communal. Results confirmed role congruity theory's applicability in studying media in a non-Western country.

Findings that decision makers can come to different conclusions depending on the order in which they receive information have been termed the "information order bias." When trained, experienced individuals exhibit similar behaviors; however, it has been argued that this result is not a bias, but rather, a patternmatching process. This study provides a critical examination of this claim. It also assesses both experts' susceptibility to an outcome framing bias and the effects of varying task loads on judgment. Using a simulation of state-of-the-art ship defensive systems operated by experienced, active-duty U.S. Navy officers, we found no evidence of a framing bias, while task load had a minor, but systematic effect. The order in which information was received had a significant impact, with the effect being consistent with a judgment bias. Nonetheless, we note that patternmatching processes, similar to those that produce inferential and reconstructive effects on memory, could also explain our results. Actual or potential applications of this research include decision support system interfaces or training programs that might be developed to reduce judgment bias.