Impacts of entrainment and impingement on fish populations: A review of the scientific evidence
In: Environmental science & policy, Band 31, S. 149-156
ISSN: 1462-9011
13 Ergebnisse
Sortierung:
In: Environmental science & policy, Band 31, S. 149-156
ISSN: 1462-9011
In: Environmental science & policy, Band 3, S. 341-348
ISSN: 1462-9011
In: Risk analysis: an international journal, Band 14, Heft 3, S. 251-256
ISSN: 1539-6924
In 1989, a Committee on Risk Assessment Methodology (CRAM) was convened by the National Research Council (NRC) to identify and investigate important scientific issues in risk assessment. One of the first issues considered by the committee was the development of a conceptual framework for ecological risk assessment, defined as "the characterization of the adverse ecological effects of environmental exposures to hazards imposed by human activities." Adverse ecological effects include all biological and nonbiological environmental changes that society perceives as undesirable. The committee's opinion was that a general framework is needed to define the relationship of ecological risk assessment to environmental management and to facilitate the development of uniform technical guidelines. The framework for human health risk assessment proposed by the NRC in 1983 was adopted as a starting point for discussion. CRAM concluded that, although ecological risk assessment and human health risk assessment differ substantially in terms of scientific disciplines and technical problems, the underlying decision process is the same for both. Therefore, CRAM recommended that the 1983 risk assessment framework be modified to accommodate both human health and ecological risk assessment. CRAM defined an integrated health/ ecological risk assessment framework consisting of the four components: Hazard Identification, Exposure Assessment, Exposure‐Response Assessment, and Risk Characterization. CRAM further provided recommendations on the scope of issues to be addressed in ecological risk assessment, critical research needs, and mechanisms for providing more detailed guidance on the scientific content of ecological risk assessments.
In: Environmental management: an international journal for decision makers, scientists, and environmental auditors, Band 59, Heft 5, S. 709-717
ISSN: 1432-1009
In: Environmental science & policy, Band 60, S. 53-62
ISSN: 1462-9011
In: Environmental management: an international journal for decision makers, scientists, and environmental auditors, Band 30, Heft 1, S. 1-12
ISSN: 1432-1009
In: Environmental management: an international journal for decision makers, scientists, and environmental auditors, Band 64, Heft 5, S. 593-607
ISSN: 1432-1009
Abstract
In Canada, the Fisheries Act requires all water takers to avoid, mitigate and offset fish losses. To satisfy the act's requirements, operators of power plants are required to undertake habitat restoration projects to compensate for fish impinged and entrained at cooling water intake structures. Scaling the quantity of restoration needed, and measuring whether adequate compensation has been achieved, requires a metric that expresses the losses and gains in comparable units. Development of such a metric is especially difficult in the case of power plants, because the losses often consist of a mix of species and life stages that are very different from those produced by technically feasible restoration projects. This paper documents the method that has been developed for quantifying offsets for impingement and entrainment at the Bruce Generating Stations on the eastern shore of Lake Huron, and demonstrates how the method is being used to estimate the offset to be provided by removal of a dam on the nearby Saugeen River.
In: Environmental chemistry and toxicology
In: Risk analysis: an international journal, Band 8, Heft 2, S. 299-300
ISSN: 1539-6924
In: Environmental management: an international journal for decision makers, scientists, and environmental auditors, Band 11, Heft 3, S. 295-303
ISSN: 1432-1009
In: Environmental management: an international journal for decision makers, scientists, and environmental auditors, Band 14, Heft 3, S. 325-332
ISSN: 1432-1009
In: Environmental management: an international journal for decision makers, scientists, and environmental auditors, Band 11, Heft 3, S. 415-428
ISSN: 1432-1009