Suchergebnisse

One of the most important issues in education has to do with the updating process of curriculum. Many social and political reforms try to take steps in order to improve the educational system, but rarely do they tackle with one of the most important problems that education has nowadays: the increasingly fast obsolescence of the school curricula. This concern is especially vital in fields that are directly related with technologies, like in different university degrees in engineering and subjects like technology in secondary school.Our research group has been facing this problem for the las two years introducing a new technique in the subject "Educational innovation and research". The subject belongs to the MAES (University Master by the university of Seville for Secondary School Teachers) in the technology and industrial processes speciality. There is a quite wide bibliography about technological forecasting applied to different areas like marketing, product design, etc. However, is not easy to find cases of study where this technique is applied to educational curriculum designing directly, or, if so, these cases are not sufficiently documented and published.Nevertheless, fortunately there are some authors, such as Dimitry Kucharavy, that have carried out many studies and even in this case he has a specific subject about technology forecasting at the Politecnico di Milano [1]. Thus, we can extrapolate some procedures and theories to our students who are the people that have the important task of designing the curricula for the subject of technology in the Spanish secondary education for the near future.Technological forecasting techniques allow our students to face the curriculum designing tasks with an extraordinary and skilful orientation. Furthermore, they give them an additional motivation in their work.The aim of this paper is to describe the experience when introducing this technique in the last two academic years and discus the obtained results, as well as introducing the future prospects and the way forward in light of the speedy changes on technologiesKeywords: Technological forecasting, innovation, curriculum design

En las intervenciones arqueológicas la necesidad de dar cuenta de un modo científico del estado real de los yacimientos es una labor esencial. Para este cometido es necesario documentar gráficamente la geometría de los restos arqueológicos y su relación con el entorno de la manera más fidedigna posible. En los últimos años se ha dado un gran salto en la calidad y cantidad de la información geométrica que se puede obtener. Estas posibilidades en alza han estimulado la exigencia cada vez mayor de la rigurosidad en los levantamientos. Como muestra de las posibilidades de actuación aplicando tecnologías innovadoras se presenta este trabajo consistente en el levantamiento y modelizado de la muralla y barbacana descubierta en pleno centro de la ciudad de Sevilla con motivo de las obras del nuevo tren metropolitano. La singularidad del caso radica en que se trata de unos restos que serán extraídos de su ubicación actual para ser repuestos nuevamente una vez terminadas las obras de la estación de metro que se ubicará justo en esa localización pero a una cota inferior. En la actualidad no se ha tomado la decisión política sobre la posibilidad de ser nuevamente sepultados para permitir recuperar la configuración previa de la calle donde se descubrieron, o mantenerlos expuestos con la consecuente eliminación del tráfico de vehículos en la calle. De optarse por la primera opción correspondería al resultado de nuestro trabajo la responsabilidad de erigirse como referente virtual de unos restos arqueológicos inaccesibles. Con ocasión del trabajo se tendrá oportunidad de contrastar los resultados de la aplicación de técnicas de levantamiento mediante estación total láser, fotogrametría digital no métrica y escaneado láser tridimensional ; In archaeology, the necessity of scientifically stating the real condition of deposits is an essential work. For this task it is necessary to graphically document the geometry of the archaeological rests and their relationship with the environment in as accurate a way as possible. Over the last few years, great advances have been made in the quality and amount of the geometric information that can be obtained. These new possibilities incur difficulties regarding the required vigorous measurement and analysis of the data, however much improved results can be obtained. As an example of the performance possibilities, applying innovating technologies, we present this work consisting on the survey and modelling of the wall and barbican, discovered in the city of Seville, during the works of the new metropolitan train. The singularity of the case is that the wall will be extracted from its present location to be replaced back again once works of the tube station that will be located just in that location but to an inferior level finishes. At present the political decision between, being buried to allow the recovering of the previous configuration of the street, where they were discovered, or to be left exposed with the consequent elimination of the traffic of vehicles in the street, has not been taken yet. If the decision taken is the first option, our work would have the responsibility of being the virtual reference of an inaccessible archaeological rest. As a result of this work, we will have opportunity to check the results of the application of these techniques of survey by laser total station, non-metric digital photogrammetry and three-dimensional laser scanning

A finales de 1776 Carlos III pone en marcha un proyecto cuyo objetivo fue la creación de una colección de maquetas de las ciudades fortificadas más importantes del Reino. El promotor de dicho proyecto será su ministro de la Guerra, el Conde de Ricla, quien contará para su puesta en marcha y desarrollo con el reconocido cuerpo de ingenieros militares, a la cabeza del cual se situará el ingeniero y arquitecto italiano Francisco Sabatini. Aunque inicialmente el proyecto nace con mucha fuerza, tan sólo llega a realizarse la maqueta de la ciudad de Cádiz, finalizada en 1779. Analizadas en profundidad las características geométricas de esta maqueta, medida con escáner láser 3D en el ámbito de esta investigación, y con los datos rescatados de la documentación manuscrita conservada en los archivos, referente al mencionado proyecto, profundizamos en las causas que provocaron el repentino final del mismo, así como en el conocimiento que se tenía en aquella época de estas maquetas, muy presentes en otras cortes europeas. Si bien parece, en un principio, que se trataban de herramientas al servicio del análisis de las estrategias militares, ponemos en duda que, realmente, la verdadera intención de este proyecto fuera esa y sí, la de fabricar unos objetos que pudieran representar el verdadero poder de un imperio en una época donde estaba en juego tanto la supremacía en Europa como en América. ; At the end of 1776, Carlos III launched a project whose objective was the creation of a collection of scale models of the most important fortified towns of the Kingdom. The leader of this project would be his minister of war, the Count of Ricla, who would rely on the renowned corps of military engineers for its implementation and development. The head of this corps was the engineer and Italian architect Francisco Sabatini. Although the project started strongly, the only model actually created was that of the city of Cadiz, completed in 1779. Having analysed the geometric characteristics of this scale model in great depth by means of measuring with a 3D laser scanner, and having extracted data concerning this project from the manuscript documentation preserved in the archives, we delve further both into the causes that led to the sudden termination of this project, and into the knowledge held in that era on these models, which were very much present in other European Courts. While it seems, initially, that these models were tools in the service of military strategy analysis, we question whether this was the true intent of this project or whether it was to produce objects that could represent the true power of an empire at a time when supremacy in Europe and the Americas was at stake. KEY WORDS scale model; model; relief model; military engineers; Cadiz; XVIII century

RESUMEN A finales de 1776 Carlos III pone en marcha un proyecto cuyo objetivo fue la creación de una colección de maquetas de las ciudades fortificadas más importantes del Reino. El promotor de dicho proyecto será su ministro de la Guerra, el Conde de Ricla, quien contará para su puesta en marcha y desarrollo con el reconocido cuerpo de ingenieros militares, a la cabeza del cual se situará el ingeniero y arquitecto italiano Francisco Sabatini. Aunque inicialmente el proyecto nace con mucha fuerza, tan sólo llega a realizarse la maqueta de la ciudad de Cádiz, finalizada en 1779. Analizadas en profundidad las características geométricas de esta maqueta, medida con escáner láser 3D en el ámbito de esta investigación, y con los datos rescatados de la documentación manuscrita conservada en los archivos, referente al mencionado proyecto, profundizamos en las causas que provocaron el repentino final del mismo, así como en el conocimiento que se tenía en aquella época de estas maquetas, muy presentes en otras cortes europeas. Si bien parece, en un principio, que se trataban de herramientas al servicio del análisis de las estrategias militares, ponemos en duda que, realmente, la verdadera intención de este proyecto fuera esa y sí, la de fabricar unos objetos que pudieran representar el verdadero poder de un imperio en una época donde estaba en juego tanto la supremacía en Europa como en América.SUMMARY At the end of 1776, Carlos III launched a project whose objective was the creation of a collection of scale models of the most important fortified towns of the Kingdom. The leader of this project would be his minister of war, the Count of Ricla, who would rely on the renowned corps of military engineers for its implementation and development. The head of this corps was the engineer and Italian architect Francisco Sabatini. Although the project started strongly, the only model actually created was that of the city of Cadiz, completed in 1779. Having analysed the geometric characteristics of this scale model in great depth by means of measuring with a 3D laser scanner, and having extracted data concerning this project from the manuscript documentation preserved in the archives, we delve further both into the causes that led to the sudden termination of this project, and into the knowledge held in that era on these models, which were very much present in other European Courts. While it seems, initially, that these models were tools in the service of military strategy analysis, we question whether this was the true intent of this project or whether it was to produce objects that could represent the true power of an empire at a time when supremacy in Europe and the Americas was at stake.